Fertilization and Development Fertilization Fertilization of the Ovum
![Fertilization and Development Fertilization and Development](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-1.jpg)
![Fertilization ¬Fertilization of the Ovum occurs in the oviduct – Only one sperm allowed Fertilization ¬Fertilization of the Ovum occurs in the oviduct – Only one sperm allowed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-2.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-3.jpg)
![Development ¬Nuclei of sperm and ovum fuse to form the zygote – 1 st Development ¬Nuclei of sperm and ovum fuse to form the zygote – 1 st](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-4.jpg)
![Development ¬Cell division continues as mass moves through the oviduct to the uterus – Development ¬Cell division continues as mass moves through the oviduct to the uterus –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-5.jpg)
![Implantation ¬On 6 th day blastocyst breaks free of zona ¬Implantation blastocyst in uterine Implantation ¬On 6 th day blastocyst breaks free of zona ¬Implantation blastocyst in uterine](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-6.jpg)
![Implantation Implantation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-7.jpg)
![Implantation ¬ Endometrium is maintained – Human corionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) sectreted by outer Implantation ¬ Endometrium is maintained – Human corionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) sectreted by outer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-8.jpg)
![The Embryo ¬During implantation, the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst produces two The Embryo ¬During implantation, the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst produces two](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-9.jpg)
![Development ¬Considered an embryo after implantation is complete – Approx. 2 weeks from fertilization Development ¬Considered an embryo after implantation is complete – Approx. 2 weeks from fertilization](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-10.jpg)
![Chorion Chorion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-11.jpg)
![Amnion ¬Forms a fluid filled sac that insulates the embryo and fetus that protects Amnion ¬Forms a fluid filled sac that insulates the embryo and fetus that protects](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-12.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-13.jpg)
![Umbilical cord ¬Contains one vein and two arteries – vein carries nutrient and oxygen Umbilical cord ¬Contains one vein and two arteries – vein carries nutrient and oxygen](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-14.jpg)
![Prenatal Development The in’s and then outs Prenatal Development The in’s and then outs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-15.jpg)
![Prenatal development ¬ Pregnancy usually last for approximately nine months ¬ Divided into three Prenatal development ¬ Pregnancy usually last for approximately nine months ¬ Divided into three](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-16.jpg)
![Prenatal development ¬First Trimester (Cont. ) – Heart and brain have formed • heart Prenatal development ¬First Trimester (Cont. ) – Heart and brain have formed • heart](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-17.jpg)
![st 1 Trimester st 1 Trimester](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-18.jpg)
![4 wks 8 wks 12 wks 4 wks 8 wks 12 wks](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-19.jpg)
![nd 2 Trimester ¬Fetus is 57 mm – 350 mm long ¬recognizable body form nd 2 Trimester ¬Fetus is 57 mm – 350 mm long ¬recognizable body form](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-20.jpg)
![nd 2 Trimester nd 2 Trimester](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-21.jpg)
![16 wks 20 wks 16 wks 20 wks](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-22.jpg)
![nd 2 Trimester ¬ At the end of 16 wks: – Fetus is developing nd 2 Trimester ¬ At the end of 16 wks: – Fetus is developing](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-23.jpg)
![Human Sex Determination ¬Females have two XX chromosomes ¬Males have the Xy chromosomes (the Human Sex Determination ¬Females have two XX chromosomes ¬Males have the Xy chromosomes (the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-24.jpg)
![¬ The male and female fetuses do not differ until week 6 or 7 ¬ The male and female fetuses do not differ until week 6 or 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-25.jpg)
![¬The balance of hormones circulating in the maternal blood is crucial during fetal development ¬The balance of hormones circulating in the maternal blood is crucial during fetal development](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-26.jpg)
![nd 2 Trimester ¬At the end of 24 weeks: – Eyelids begin to part nd 2 Trimester ¬At the end of 24 weeks: – Eyelids begin to part](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-27.jpg)
![rd 3 Trimester ¬Rapid growth – Fetus is 350 mm – 530 mm long rd 3 Trimester ¬Rapid growth – Fetus is 350 mm – 530 mm long](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-28.jpg)
![rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 7 months: – If born at this rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 7 months: – If born at this](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-29.jpg)
![rd 3 Trimester rd 3 Trimester](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-30.jpg)
![rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 8 months: – Tremendous brain growth occurs rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 8 months: – Tremendous brain growth occurs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-31.jpg)
![rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 9 months: – The lungs are mature rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 9 months: – The lungs are mature](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-32.jpg)
![Environmental Effects on Development ¬A teratogen is any substance that might interfere with normal Environmental Effects on Development ¬A teratogen is any substance that might interfere with normal](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-33.jpg)
![Some examples ¬Cigarette smoke can constrict fetal blood vessels and prevent proper supply of Some examples ¬Cigarette smoke can constrict fetal blood vessels and prevent proper supply of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-34.jpg)
![Some examples ¬Thalidomide ¬Prescribed to treat morning sickness throughout the 50’s and 60’s ¬Babies Some examples ¬Thalidomide ¬Prescribed to treat morning sickness throughout the 50’s and 60’s ¬Babies](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-35.jpg)
![Nutrition ¬Proper nutrition is also very important during embryonic/fetal development ¬(eg) A lack of Nutrition ¬Proper nutrition is also very important during embryonic/fetal development ¬(eg) A lack of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-36.jpg)
![Parturition (Birth) ¬ Uterine contractions signal beginning of labor – Cervix thins and begins Parturition (Birth) ¬ Uterine contractions signal beginning of labor – Cervix thins and begins](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-37.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-38.jpg)
![Parturition ¬birth Parturition ¬birth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-39.jpg)
![Hormones involved in birth ¬Relaxin – Produced by placenta causes ligaments in pelvis to Hormones involved in birth ¬Relaxin – Produced by placenta causes ligaments in pelvis to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-40.jpg)
![Hormones involved in birth ¬ Milk Production – Prolactin • Levels increase dramatically after Hormones involved in birth ¬ Milk Production – Prolactin • Levels increase dramatically after](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-41.jpg)
![Contraception ¬Any behavior or technology that prevents conception Contraception ¬Any behavior or technology that prevents conception](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-42.jpg)
![Abstinence ¬Refraining from having sex ¬If you don’t have sex you can’t get pregnant!!! Abstinence ¬Refraining from having sex ¬If you don’t have sex you can’t get pregnant!!!](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-43.jpg)
![Tubal Ligation ¬Cutting of fallopian tubes Tubal Ligation ¬Cutting of fallopian tubes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-44.jpg)
![Vasectomy ¬Cutting of vas deferens Vasectomy ¬Cutting of vas deferens](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-45.jpg)
![Hormone Treatments ¬Contain estrogen and progesterone Hormone Treatments ¬Contain estrogen and progesterone](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-46.jpg)
![Physical or chemical barriers ¬Condoms (male and female) ¬Diaphragms ¬spermicide Physical or chemical barriers ¬Condoms (male and female) ¬Diaphragms ¬spermicide](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-47.jpg)
![Natural Family Planning Uses natural functions of the body and menstrual cycle to calculate Natural Family Planning Uses natural functions of the body and menstrual cycle to calculate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-48.jpg)
- Slides: 48
![Fertilization and Development Fertilization and Development](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-1.jpg)
Fertilization and Development
![Fertilization Fertilization of the Ovum occurs in the oviduct Only one sperm allowed Fertilization ¬Fertilization of the Ovum occurs in the oviduct – Only one sperm allowed](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-2.jpg)
Fertilization ¬Fertilization of the Ovum occurs in the oviduct – Only one sperm allowed • Electrical block • Surface of ovum altered • Binding sites for sperm altered
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-3.jpg)
![Development Nuclei of sperm and ovum fuse to form the zygote 1 st Development ¬Nuclei of sperm and ovum fuse to form the zygote – 1 st](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-4.jpg)
Development ¬Nuclei of sperm and ovum fuse to form the zygote – 1 st division (mitosis) Occurs in oviduct 30 hrs after fertilization
![Development Cell division continues as mass moves through the oviduct to the uterus Development ¬Cell division continues as mass moves through the oviduct to the uterus –](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-5.jpg)
Development ¬Cell division continues as mass moves through the oviduct to the uterus – a central hollow forms and fills with fluid – Now called a blastocyst • Cells on inside develop into embryo • Outer cells develop into supportive cells – Identical Twins
![Implantation On 6 th day blastocyst breaks free of zona Implantation blastocyst in uterine Implantation ¬On 6 th day blastocyst breaks free of zona ¬Implantation blastocyst in uterine](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-6.jpg)
Implantation ¬On 6 th day blastocyst breaks free of zona ¬Implantation blastocyst in uterine wall on day 7 - 8
![Implantation Implantation](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-7.jpg)
Implantation
![Implantation Endometrium is maintained Human corionic gonadotropic hormone HCG sectreted by outer Implantation ¬ Endometrium is maintained – Human corionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) sectreted by outer](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-8.jpg)
Implantation ¬ Endometrium is maintained – Human corionic gonadotropic hormone (HCG) sectreted by outer cells (Chorion) of blastocyst to maintain corpus luteum • LH levels remain high • HCG used in pregnancy tests – Corpus luteum maintains levels of estrogen and progesterone to maintain endometrium
![The Embryo During implantation the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst produces two The Embryo ¬During implantation, the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst produces two](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-9.jpg)
The Embryo ¬During implantation, the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst produces two membranes that surround, protect, and nourish the embryo – Chorion forms the placenta – Amnion forms amniotic sac
![Development Considered an embryo after implantation is complete Approx 2 weeks from fertilization Development ¬Considered an embryo after implantation is complete – Approx. 2 weeks from fertilization](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-10.jpg)
Development ¬Considered an embryo after implantation is complete – Approx. 2 weeks from fertilization
![Chorion Chorion](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-11.jpg)
Chorion
![Amnion Forms a fluid filled sac that insulates the embryo and fetus that protects Amnion ¬Forms a fluid filled sac that insulates the embryo and fetus that protects](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-12.jpg)
Amnion ¬Forms a fluid filled sac that insulates the embryo and fetus that protects from – Infection – Dehydration – Impact – Temperature changes
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-13.jpg)
![Umbilical cord Contains one vein and two arteries vein carries nutrient and oxygen Umbilical cord ¬Contains one vein and two arteries – vein carries nutrient and oxygen](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-14.jpg)
Umbilical cord ¬Contains one vein and two arteries – vein carries nutrient and oxygen rich blood to the fetus. – two arteries return blood containing waste from fetal circulation back to the placenta. • It takes about 30 seconds for a blood cell to make the round trip through the cord – cord can be as long as 4 feet at birth.
![Prenatal Development The ins and then outs Prenatal Development The in’s and then outs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-15.jpg)
Prenatal Development The in’s and then outs
![Prenatal development Pregnancy usually last for approximately nine months Divided into three Prenatal development ¬ Pregnancy usually last for approximately nine months ¬ Divided into three](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-16.jpg)
Prenatal development ¬ Pregnancy usually last for approximately nine months ¬ Divided into three trimesters ¬ First Trimester – Fertilization to the end of the 3 rd month – by second week – germ layers form • Ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm – At one month – size is only 7 mm
![Prenatal development First Trimester Cont Heart and brain have formed heart Prenatal development ¬First Trimester (Cont. ) – Heart and brain have formed • heart](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-17.jpg)
Prenatal development ¬First Trimester (Cont. ) – Heart and brain have formed • heart rate can be heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler – Limb buds with fingers and toes present – Placenta begins developing – Considered fetus after 8 th week – Movement occurs around 9 th week • Sucking reflex
![st 1 Trimester st 1 Trimester](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-18.jpg)
st 1 Trimester
![4 wks 8 wks 12 wks 4 wks 8 wks 12 wks](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-19.jpg)
4 wks 8 wks 12 wks
![nd 2 Trimester Fetus is 57 mm 350 mm long recognizable body form nd 2 Trimester ¬Fetus is 57 mm – 350 mm long ¬recognizable body form](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-20.jpg)
nd 2 Trimester ¬Fetus is 57 mm – 350 mm long ¬recognizable body form – Arms, hands, fingers, legs, feet and toes are fully formed • Bone begins to replace cartilage ¬most of organs and tissues developed – Eyes are almost fully developed
![nd 2 Trimester nd 2 Trimester](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-21.jpg)
nd 2 Trimester
![16 wks 20 wks 16 wks 20 wks](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-22.jpg)
16 wks 20 wks
![nd 2 Trimester At the end of 16 wks Fetus is developing nd 2 Trimester ¬ At the end of 16 wks: – Fetus is developing](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-23.jpg)
nd 2 Trimester ¬ At the end of 16 wks: – Fetus is developing reflexes such as sucking and swallowing – Sex is identifiable – Skin is bright pink, transparent and covered with soft, downy hair ¬ At the end of 20 wks: – Mother begins to feel fetal movement – Internal organs are maturing – Eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes appear
![Human Sex Determination Females have two XX chromosomes Males have the Xy chromosomes the Human Sex Determination ¬Females have two XX chromosomes ¬Males have the Xy chromosomes (the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-24.jpg)
Human Sex Determination ¬Females have two XX chromosomes ¬Males have the Xy chromosomes (the “y” chromosome is much smaller)
![The male and female fetuses do not differ until week 6 or 7 ¬ The male and female fetuses do not differ until week 6 or 7](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-25.jpg)
¬ The male and female fetuses do not differ until week 6 or 7 ¬ At this time, the presence of SRY gene (Sexdetermining Region of the Y chromosome) will stimulate the developing gonad to become a testis (in males) ¬ The hormones subsequently produced by the testis will lead to the development of male characteristics ¬ Testes develop in the abdomen (like the ovaries) and gradually descend
![The balance of hormones circulating in the maternal blood is crucial during fetal development ¬The balance of hormones circulating in the maternal blood is crucial during fetal development](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-26.jpg)
¬The balance of hormones circulating in the maternal blood is crucial during fetal development ¬(note that each sex produces a small quantity of the opposite sexes primary hormone) ¬(eg) Too much estrogen could result in a genetic male showing outward female characteristics
![nd 2 Trimester At the end of 24 weeks Eyelids begin to part nd 2 Trimester ¬At the end of 24 weeks: – Eyelids begin to part](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-27.jpg)
nd 2 Trimester ¬At the end of 24 weeks: – Eyelids begin to part and eyes open occasionally for short periods of time – Skin is covered with protective coating called vernix – Fetus is able to hiccup
![rd 3 Trimester Rapid growth Fetus is 350 mm 530 mm long rd 3 Trimester ¬Rapid growth – Fetus is 350 mm – 530 mm long](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-28.jpg)
rd 3 Trimester ¬Rapid growth – Fetus is 350 mm – 530 mm long – Body mass increases from 0. 68 kg to 3. 4 kg – Organs are maturing
![rd 3 Trimester At the end of 7 months If born at this rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 7 months: – If born at this](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-29.jpg)
rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 7 months: – If born at this time, he/she will be considered a premature baby and require special care – Taste buds have developed – Fat layers are forming – Skin is still wrinkled and red
![rd 3 Trimester rd 3 Trimester](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-30.jpg)
rd 3 Trimester
![rd 3 Trimester At the end of 8 months Tremendous brain growth occurs rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 8 months: – Tremendous brain growth occurs](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-31.jpg)
rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 8 months: – Tremendous brain growth occurs at this time – Most body organs are now developed with the exception of the lungs • Movements or "kicks" are strong enough to be visible from the outside • Kidneys are mature • Skin is less wrinkled • Fingernails now extend beyond fingertips
![rd 3 Trimester At the end of 9 months The lungs are mature rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 9 months: – The lungs are mature](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-32.jpg)
rd 3 Trimester ¬At the end of 9 months: – The lungs are mature – Baby is now fully developed and can survive outside the mother's body • Skin is pink and smooth • Baby settles down lower in the abdomen in preparation for birth and may seem less active • labour
![Environmental Effects on Development A teratogen is any substance that might interfere with normal Environmental Effects on Development ¬A teratogen is any substance that might interfere with normal](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-33.jpg)
Environmental Effects on Development ¬A teratogen is any substance that might interfere with normal development of a fetus or embryo ¬The first 9 weeks are especially critical because this is when organs of first differentiating and developing
![Some examples Cigarette smoke can constrict fetal blood vessels and prevent proper supply of Some examples ¬Cigarette smoke can constrict fetal blood vessels and prevent proper supply of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-34.jpg)
Some examples ¬Cigarette smoke can constrict fetal blood vessels and prevent proper supply of O 2 ¬Babies tend to be underweight ¬Chance of stillbirths and premature birth increases ¬Possible behavioural or intellectual challenges
![Some examples Thalidomide Prescribed to treat morning sickness throughout the 50s and 60s Babies Some examples ¬Thalidomide ¬Prescribed to treat morning sickness throughout the 50’s and 60’s ¬Babies](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-35.jpg)
Some examples ¬Thalidomide ¬Prescribed to treat morning sickness throughout the 50’s and 60’s ¬Babies were born with missing or deformed limbs ¬Thalidomide specifically blocks blood vessels that lead to the limbs
![Nutrition Proper nutrition is also very important during embryonicfetal development eg A lack of Nutrition ¬Proper nutrition is also very important during embryonic/fetal development ¬(eg) A lack of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-36.jpg)
Nutrition ¬Proper nutrition is also very important during embryonic/fetal development ¬(eg) A lack of folic acid may result in spina bifida ¬(eg) over-consumption of vitamin C may lead to symptoms of vitamin C deficiency in the baby
![Parturition Birth Uterine contractions signal beginning of labor Cervix thins and begins Parturition (Birth) ¬ Uterine contractions signal beginning of labor – Cervix thins and begins](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-37.jpg)
Parturition (Birth) ¬ Uterine contractions signal beginning of labor – Cervix thins and begins to dilate (max. 10 cm) – Labor starts when contractions are 10 -15 min ¬ Amniotic membrane is forced into birth canal – Often bursts and amniotic fluid lubricates the canal (water breaking) – Usually ruptures during delivery but may occur before ¬ Contractions start moving baby through birth canal
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-38.jpg)
![Parturition birth Parturition ¬birth](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-39.jpg)
Parturition ¬birth
![Hormones involved in birth Relaxin Produced by placenta causes ligaments in pelvis to Hormones involved in birth ¬Relaxin – Produced by placenta causes ligaments in pelvis to](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-40.jpg)
Hormones involved in birth ¬Relaxin – Produced by placenta causes ligaments in pelvis to loosen ¬Oxytocin – positive feedback loop enhances strength of contractions – Prostaglandins also involved
![Hormones involved in birth Milk Production Prolactin Levels increase dramatically after Hormones involved in birth ¬ Milk Production – Prolactin • Levels increase dramatically after](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-41.jpg)
Hormones involved in birth ¬ Milk Production – Prolactin • Levels increase dramatically after birth occurs • estrogen & progesterone levels drop • Stimulates glands in the breasts to produce fluids 1. 5 L/day – Oxytocin • Stimulates contractions that move milk into ducts • Also causes contractions of sm. Muscle in uterus to return to normal size
![Contraception Any behavior or technology that prevents conception Contraception ¬Any behavior or technology that prevents conception](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-42.jpg)
Contraception ¬Any behavior or technology that prevents conception
![Abstinence Refraining from having sex If you dont have sex you cant get pregnant Abstinence ¬Refraining from having sex ¬If you don’t have sex you can’t get pregnant!!!](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-43.jpg)
Abstinence ¬Refraining from having sex ¬If you don’t have sex you can’t get pregnant!!!
![Tubal Ligation Cutting of fallopian tubes Tubal Ligation ¬Cutting of fallopian tubes](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-44.jpg)
Tubal Ligation ¬Cutting of fallopian tubes
![Vasectomy Cutting of vas deferens Vasectomy ¬Cutting of vas deferens](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-45.jpg)
Vasectomy ¬Cutting of vas deferens
![Hormone Treatments Contain estrogen and progesterone Hormone Treatments ¬Contain estrogen and progesterone](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-46.jpg)
Hormone Treatments ¬Contain estrogen and progesterone
![Physical or chemical barriers Condoms male and female Diaphragms spermicide Physical or chemical barriers ¬Condoms (male and female) ¬Diaphragms ¬spermicide](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-47.jpg)
Physical or chemical barriers ¬Condoms (male and female) ¬Diaphragms ¬spermicide
![Natural Family Planning Uses natural functions of the body and menstrual cycle to calculate Natural Family Planning Uses natural functions of the body and menstrual cycle to calculate](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image_h/37be1c39faf7db628ab3fccccaa447ea/image-48.jpg)
Natural Family Planning Uses natural functions of the body and menstrual cycle to calculate ovulation ¬Record body temperatures ¬Record changes in cervical mucus discharge ¬Requires periodic abstinence (7 -10 days) during ovulation OR barrier/withdrawl method
Internal vs external fertilisation
Secondary follicles
Cortical reaction
Fertilized ovum
Terminologi medis sistem reproduksi wanita
Ultrastructure of ovum
Gestational trophoblastic disease
Unfertilized ovum disappears by phagocytosis.
Omne vivum ex ovum
Ovum
Ovum
Blighted ovum acog
Quizlet
Herpes simpleksserotipe 2
Tenaculum forceps uses
Ovum sex
Chapter 39 endocrine and reproductive systems
Hình ảnh bộ gõ cơ thể búng tay
Slidetodoc
Bổ thể
Tỉ lệ cơ thể trẻ em
Voi kéo gỗ như thế nào
Tư thế worm breton
Chúa sống lại
Môn thể thao bắt đầu bằng chữ đua
Thế nào là hệ số cao nhất
Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
Công của trọng lực
Trời xanh đây là của chúng ta thể thơ
Mật thư tọa độ 5x5
Làm thế nào để 102-1=99
độ dài liên kết
Các châu lục và đại dương trên thế giới
Thể thơ truyền thống
Quá trình desamine hóa có thể tạo ra
Một số thể thơ truyền thống
Cái miệng nó xinh thế chỉ nói điều hay thôi
Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
Biện pháp chống mỏi cơ
đặc điểm cơ thể của người tối cổ
V cc
Vẽ hình chiếu đứng bằng cạnh của vật thể
Vẽ hình chiếu vuông góc của vật thể sau
Thẻ vin
đại từ thay thế
điện thế nghỉ
Tư thế ngồi viết
Diễn thế sinh thái là
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