Fermentation In the absence of oxygen cells convert
Fermentation In the absence of oxygen, cells convert energy from glucose into ATP 1
Cells can obtain energy from glucose in two different ways. 2
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF RESPIRATION • Aerobic Respiration – aka Cellular respiration – Requires oxygen – More efficient, releases more ATP energy – Slower process, many steps – Marathon runner • Anaerobic Respiration – aka Fermentation – Provides energy in absence of oxygen – Quicker process, does not release as much ATP energy – Better for quick bursts of energy (sprinting)
Flow of Energy Some organisms use this process not only because there is no oxygen, but because they don’t have _Mitochondria_! 4
: n o i t a r i p y s g r e e R en e c e i t b a t i n o d r e e s e m e a r An ells get im oxygen p c c o n w o s i H e r e h t n e h w 5
In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis is followed by fermentation. Krebs ETC n xyge O Glycolysis No O xyge No n Ox y ge n Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation 6
Fermentation: • the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms 7
Lactic acid fermentation regenerates NAD+ and makes Lactic acid in muscle cells and bacteria 8
Alcoholic fermentation regenerates NAD+, makes Ethyl alcohol and CO 2 in yeast and some bacteria 9
+ NADH An electron carrier • Empty: no electrons • Carrying electrons 10
Electron carriers “transport electrons” to another part of the cell. “Occupied” carriers with electrons are NADH and FADH 2 Electron Carrier Electron 11
When electrons are “dropped off, ” the carriers become NAD+ and FAD+ Empty Electron Carrier Electron capable of work Explain how a taxi cab is an analogy for an energy carrier: 12
Fermentation is used to make • • Bread Cheese Ketchup Pickles Sour Cream Yogurt Wine 13
Check for Understanding: • What are the benefits of using anaerobic respiration to make ATP? What are the drawbacks? • What are the similarities and differences between Lactic acid and Alcoholic fermentation? • Compare and contrast NADPH, NADH and NADPH NADH FADH 2 2 Similarities: 14
Regenerate NAD+? • Glycolysis makes ATP and NADH • No oxygen present, no time: must do glycolysis again because it’s quicker, and does not require oxygen • Problem: Need NAD+ to repeat glycolysis (make NADH again) • Solution: Fermentation reactions empty electrons from NADH to form NAD+ 15
Fermented Food Brochure • Find out what foods are made through fermentation (anaerobic respiration) • Choose one food to research further. • What type of fermentation is it an example of? From what culture does the food originate? What are the health benefits and logistical benefits of fermentation? • Describe the process used to make the food and other interesting facts. Describe how the process was discovered/developed. • Organize your findings with pictures on ONE Powerpoint slide. 16
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