FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM A Structure The female gonads

A) Structure Ø The female gonads are the ______ Their main function is to

Ø fallopian tube—a passageway from the ovaries to the uterus Ø uterus—hollow muscular organ

B) Function Ø The functions of the Ø Each ovary contains female reproductive 400,

C) Menstrual Cycle Occurs about every 28 days Ø Regulated by hormones Ø Begins

Ø Menstrual Cycle: cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an

1. Follicular Phase Ø The Follicular Phase is when the follicle that surrounds the

As the follicle develops, estrogen is produced. Ø The estrogen causes the lining of

2. Ovulation This phase occurs midway through the cycle and lasts 3 -4 days.

3. Luteal Phase Begins after the egg is released Ø The follicle turns yellow

Ø Progesterone stimulates the growth and development of the blood supply in the uterus

4. Menstruation If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will begin to disintegrate.

Ø The tissue, blood and unfertilized egg are discharged through the vagina. Ø Menstruation

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A) Structure Ø The female gonads are the ______ Their main function is to _________ Ø Mature egg cell of the female is called an ovum Ø

Ø fallopian tube—a passageway from the ovaries to the uterus Ø uterus—hollow muscular organ in which development of the embryo will occur (if fertilization occurs) Ø during sexual intercourse, sperm are deposited into the vagina Ø vagina leads from the outside of the females body to the entrance of the uterus—cervix

B) Function Ø The functions of the Ø Each ovary contains female reproductive 400, 000 follicles— system are to produce clusters of cells that eggs and nourish the surround a single egg embryo is the egg is to help it mature fertilized Ø Only about 400 mature eggs will be released during the life of a woman

C) Menstrual Cycle Occurs about every 28 days Ø Regulated by hormones Ø Begins during puberty and ends between the ages of 45 -55 Ø Menopause: the permanent stopping of the menstrual cycle Ø During the menstrual cycle, an egg develops and is released from the ovary while the uterus prepares itself for a fertilized egg Ø

Ø Menstrual Cycle: cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to receive the fertilized egg Ø If the egg is fertilized, it is implanted in the uterus for development to occur. Ø If the egg is not fertilized, it is discharged with the lining of the uterus

1. Follicular Phase Ø The Follicular Phase is when the follicle that surrounds the egg, as well as the egg, grows and matures. Ø It begins when levels of estrogen are low Ø FSH and LH are secreted (released) which is what causes the follicle to grow.

As the follicle develops, estrogen is produced. Ø The estrogen causes the lining of the uterus to thicken. Ø

2. Ovulation This phase occurs midway through the cycle and lasts 3 -4 days. Ø More FSH and LH are produced Ø Causes the follicle to rupture, releasing the egg into the _________. Ø

3. Luteal Phase Begins after the egg is released Ø The follicle turns yellow and is called the corpus luteum Ø Estrogen is continued to be released and progesterone is also released. Ø

Ø Progesterone stimulates the growth and development of the blood supply in the uterus and tissue. Ø This allows the uterus to nourish and protect the embryo if the egg is fertilized.

4. Menstruation If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will begin to disintegrate. Ø The follicle breaks down, and releases less hormones, which makes the uterine lining detach. Ø

Ø The tissue, blood and unfertilized egg are discharged through the vagina. Ø Menstruation usually lasts about 3 -7 days.