FEMALE MALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY By Michelle Betenson FEMALE

FEMALE & MALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY By Michelle Betenson

FEMALE ANATOMY External Structures The Vulva- encompasses all external genital of the female The Mons Veneris The Labia Majora The Labia Minora The Clitoris The Vestibule The Urethral Opening The Introitus and the Hymen The Perineum

FEMALE ANATOMY Internal Structures The Vagina The Cervix The Uterus The Fallopian Tubes The Ovaries

MALE ANATOMY The Penis The shaft The glans The foreskin Penile urethra The Scrotum The Testes The Prostate Gland The Cowper’s Glands Semen

FEMALE SEXUAL FUNCTIONS Menstruation Menarche Menstrual Physiology The uterine lining prepared for implantation If conception does not occur, the lining sloughs off and is discharged as menstrual flow The length of the menstrual cycle is usually measured from the beginning of the first day of flow to the day before the next flow begins The menstrual period typically last 2 to 6 days and a women’s cycle can vary from anywhere from 24 to 42 days The interval between ovulation and the onset of menstruation is 14 days, plus or minus 2 days, regardless of the length of the cycle Ovulation is the time in the cycle when a woman can most easily become pregnant

THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE Is regulated between the hypothalamus and the various endocrine glands Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the ovaries to produce estrogen and also causes ova to mature Luteinizing hormone (LH) causes the ovary to release a mature ovum LH also stimulates the development of the corpus luteum which produces the hormone progesterone

THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE Menstrual Phase endometrium, which is discharged through the cervix and vagina as menstrual flow Proliferative Phase the pituitary gland increases production of FSH Secretory Phase progesterone causes the endometrium to thicken and engorge with blood in preparation for implantation of the blastocyst

MALE SEXUAL FUNCTIONS Erection A process coordinated by the autonomic nervous system Nervous system sends out messages that cause expansion of the arteries leading to the three erectile cylinders in the penis Blood accumulates in the spongelike tissues of the three erectile cylinders, causing erection

MALE SEXUAL FUNCTIONS Ejaculation The process by which semen is expelled through the penis to the outside of the body It occurs in two stages Emission phase Expulsion phase Retrograde ejaculation Nocturnal emission- commonly known as “wet dreams”, is involuntary ejaculation during sleep

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Describe the pathway sperm travels as it reaches the ovum. Where do the sperm and ovum unite? Where does the newly formed zygote implant? Discuss the stages of the menstrual cycle. In which stage does ovulation occur? In which stage is the endometrium sloughed off? Which stage comes next?