FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM The female reproductive organs are

The female reproductive organs are two ovaries, two uterine tubes, a uterus and a

Ovaries: The ovaries are present in the pelvis one on each side of the

At birth each ovary contains about 200. 000 immature ova, from puberty to the

Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes): They are two tubes, one on each of the uterus.

n The abdominal opening is funnel shaped (the infundibulum). The uterine tube receives the

The uterus: It is a hollow thick, muscular pear-shaped organ in which the fertilized

n It lies between the urinary bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly. Above, it

n Divisions: The uterus is divided into 3 parts: 1 - Fundus: It is

2 - Body: It is the main part of the uterus. It narrows from

3 -Cervix: Is about 1 inch long. It projects through the vagina, so its

The cavity of the cervix (the cervical canal), is spindle shaped and communicates with

n Normal position of the uterus: The uterus is usually not exactly median. Its

The body of the uterus bends forwards under the weight of the intestine.

n The whole uterus forms nearly a right angle with the long axis of

n So, the normal position of the uteruis is a position of anteversion anteflexion.

Vagina: It is a collapsed musculomembrano us canal which connects the uterus with the

n It anterior wall is 7 cm and its posterior wall in 9 cm.

Vulva: The external genital organ of female is the vulva. The vulva consists of:

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FEMALE GENITAL SYSTEM

The female reproductive organs are two ovaries, two uterine tubes, a uterus and a vagina. The parts of external genitalia are clitoris, mons pubis, labia major, labia minora, greater vestibular glands and vaginal orifice

Ovaries: The ovaries are present in the pelvis one on each side of the uterus. Each ovary is almond-shaped. It has smooth surface before puberty, and become irregular with aging.

At birth each ovary contains about 200. 000 immature ova, from puberty to the end of reproductive period; one ovum is released every other month from each of the two ovaries. The monthly release of an ovum is called

Uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes): They are two tubes, one on each of the uterus. The uterine tube is about 10 cm long. One end opens into the peritoneal cavity close to the ovary, the other end open, into the uterine cavity.

n The abdominal opening is funnel shaped (the infundibulum). The uterine tube receives the ovum from the ovary and propels it into the uterine cavity.

The uterus: It is a hollow thick, muscular pear-shaped organ in which the fertilized ovum is implanted until the fetus is fully developed.

n It lies between the urinary bladder anteriorly and the rectum posteriorly. Above, it receives the openings of the uterine tubes; while below the uterus opens into the vagina.

n Divisions: The uterus is divided into 3 parts: 1 - Fundus: It is the part above the entrance of the uterine tubes.

2 - Body: It is the main part of the uterus. It narrows from the fundus to the cervix.

3 -Cervix: Is about 1 inch long. It projects through the vagina, so its upper 1/2 is above the vagina and the lower 1/2 lies inside the vagina.

The cavity of the cervix (the cervical canal), is spindle shaped and communicates with cavities of the uterus and vagina through the internal os and the external os, respectively.

n Normal position of the uterus: The uterus is usually not exactly median. Its fundus is slightly tilted to the right. Correspondingly, the cervix and upper part of vagina are slightly tilted to the left.

The body of the uterus bends forwards under the weight of the intestine. This bend occurs at the isthmus. Therefore, it is said that the body is anteflexed on the cervix.

n The whole uterus forms nearly a right angle with the long axis of the vagina. Therefore, it is said that the uterus is anteverted on the vagina.

n So, the normal position of the uteruis is a position of anteversion anteflexion. In some abnormal condition the uterus may acquire a position of retroversion and retroflexion.

Vagina: It is a collapsed musculomembrano us canal which connects the uterus with the vestibule. It lies between the bladder and the urethera anteriorly and the rectum and anal canal posteriorly.

n It anterior wall is 7 cm and its posterior wall in 9 cm. The anterior wall is pierced by the cervix. The vagina forms a gutter around the cervix known as vaginal fornices.

Vulva: The external genital organ of female is the vulva. The vulva consists of: 1 - Mons pubis. 2 - Clitoris. 3 - Labia majora. 4 - Labia minora. 5 - Vestibule of the vagina.