Feedstuff Analysis Chris Ellason Feedstuff Analysis 4 Feed
- Slides: 29
Feedstuff Analysis Chris Ellason
Feedstuff Analysis 4 Feed Sampling 4 Proximate Analysis – Dry matter – Ash – Crude Protein – Ether Extract – Crude Fiber – NFE
Detergent Method 4 NDF - cell wall components – cellulose – hemicellulose – lignin – silica – heat damaged protein
Detergent Method 4 ADF - Acid Detergent Fiber – lignocellulose 4 NDF used to predict gut fill and intake 4 ADF used to predict digestibility 4 ADIN - acid detergent insoluble nitrogen
Know the Form of the Numbers 4 Dry Matter Basis 4 As-fed Basis 4 Air-dry Basis
Energy Measurements 4 Gross Energy - GE – total potential energy of a feedstuff – determined by bomb calorimeter 4 Fecal Energy - FE – Energy from undigested feed and other components of feces – Determined by bomb calorimeter
Energy Measurements 4 Digestible Energy - DE – GE - FE 4 Gaseous Products of Digestion - GPD – combustible gasses that escape during digestion – mainly methane, traces of H, CO, H 2 S 4 Urinary Energy - UE – loss of spent metabolites and energy through urine
Energy Measures 4 Metabolizable Energy - ME – referred to as usable portion of ingested energy – DE - UE - GPD = ME 4 Heat Increment - HI – heat derived from metabolism or fermentation of feedstuffs
Detergent Method 4 Energy – NEm – NEg – NEl 4 These values are calculated from ADF and NDF
Net Energy - NE 4 Net Energy computed by ME - HI 4 Includes the amount of energy used for maintenance plus some production component 4 NEM – amount of energy expended to maintain energy equilibrium
Net Energy 4 NEM – basal metabolism – energy of voluntary activity – warming of body – cooling of body 4 Net Energy for some production function
Energy Measurements
Common Feeds 4 Carbonaceous Concentrates – High in Energy – Low in fiber – Low in Protein – Variable in protein quality – fair in P – low in Ca
Concentrates 4 Corn – high energy – 8 - 9 % CP – Low in Lysine 4 Sorghum Grain – Must be processed – lower in energy than corn – higher in CP than corn
Concentrates 4 Oats – 75 - 85% energy of corn – very palatable – higher in fiber than corn 4 Beet Pulp 4 Molasses
Concentrates 4 Citrus Pulp 4 Animal Fat 4 Cookie Meal
Protein Feeds 4 Soybean meal – low in Ca – most complete in energy and protein 4 Cottonseed meal 4 Peanut Meal
High Moisture Feedstuffs 4 Green Chop - forage chopped in the field and fed without further processing 4 Silage - forage cut wet and put through controlled fermentation
Vitamins and Minerals 4 Add Vitamins to assure adequate amounts 4 Mineral supplementation – all minerals are not created equal – greater absorption of sulfates over oxides – example Cu. S vs Cu. O
Feed Additives 4 Antibiotics – Chlortetracycline – AS 700 4 Growth Stimulants – ionophores - Bovatec, Rumensin 4 Others – MGA - used to stop heat
Problems Associated with Grain Feeding
Non Ruminants 4 Enteritis – Characterized by inflammation of stomach and possibly SI – Antibiotics in starter rations can control this to some degree 4 Dietary changes, erratic feed intake and weaning stress 4 Also grain overload or highly fermentable feeds
Non Ruminants 4 Laminitis (founder) 4 Inflammation of the laminae 4 Typically a result of poor grain/fiber balance 4 Excessive grain consumption results in excessive lactic acid production
Ruminants 4 Enterotoxemia – over eating disease – Increase in clostridial organisms 4 Severe kidney damage and pin-point hemorrhages in intestine 4 Clostridial vaccination
Ruminants 4 Lactic acidosis – grain overload 4 Overgrowth of bacteria which prefer lower p. H environment 4 These are the starch digesting bacteria 4 As they increase p. H drops further 4 Primarily due to their production of lactic acid
Ruminants 4 If unchecked acids can be absorbed into the bloodstream resulting in metabolic acidosis 4 Endotoxins and histamine can result in founder 4 Liver abcesses 4 Acidosis can occur in either acute or chronic form
Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) 4 Primarily caused by over eating grain 4 Organism in grain causes ruminal production of Thiaminase 4 Causes an acute thiamin deficiency 4 Other PEMs can occur by intakes of high sulfate water or feed – This type is not responsive to thiamin treatment
What to watch for 4 Dairies – low butterfat 4 Humping of back 4 Kicking at stomach 4 Altered intake 4 Fever
What to watch for 4 Gut sounds and motility 4 Rumen p. H 4 Cud chewing 4 Feed sorting 4 Hoof problems (softening, white line, sole abcesses) 4 General unhealthy appearance (eyes, ears etc. )
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- Perbedaan feed additive dan feed supplement
- Sistem down feed
- Feed additive dan feed supplement
- Feed sample analysis
- 2row vs 6row feed barley
- Yahoo weather rss feed
- Feed-forward control physiology
- Tool life in orthogonal cutting is mcq
- Types of jawless fish
- Feed rate equation
- Rss feed 產生器
- Difference between roughages and concentrates
- Class
- Locate the and place your spool of thread
- Feed in metal cutting
- Merchant circle formula
- Livengood feed tomball
- Linear programming problem formulation
- Violet feed
- How does an absorptive heterotroph feed
- Simple present tense of verb
- Cowbird/bison symbiotic relationship
- Safe feed safe food
- Dairyfeed ipb
- I used to pray that god would feed the hungry
- Single effect evaporator diagram
- Feed forward communication
- Chemfeed