FEDERALISM O PEDERALISMO UG ANG KILUSANG PAGBABAGO The

FEDERALISM O PEDERALISMO UG ANG KILUSANG PAGBABAGO

• The Philippines is an archipelago stretching 1, 839 kms. north-to -south off the southeast coast of Asia. • Early Filipinos lived in numerous independent communities called barangays under various native rules which were largely customary and unwritten. • Even before the arrival of Spaniards in the Philippines, autonomy among local units and communities are already in existence. • But there was also interdependence and confederation. A kind of Federalism. Historical Roots of Federalism

It was a colonial measure to have Unitary Control from the Center • The Spanish Colonialization - Under the Spanish regime, the civil and religious authorities of Spain created a hierarchical form of administrative structure between the central government and indigenous barangays all over the country with the exception of the communities in Sulu and Mindanao. Due to these local’s strong resistance, the Spaniards failed to integrate their communities under the Spanish colonial regime. Historical Roots of Federalism

The US Colonialization When Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States, the latter essentially maintained the administrative structure established by the former with special arrangements with the Moros and non-Christian tribes. The Americans first organized a military government with the consolidation of executive, legislative, and judicial authority in the military governor. In spite of the enactment of policies purportedly supportive of local autonomy, the Americans maintained a highly centralized politicoadministrative structure. Historical Roots of Federalism

Filipinos has been struggling for a Federal Form of Government. Philippine national heroes Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were the first to suggest dividing the islands into three federal states. [1] And these faded? Historical Roots of Federalism

It did not fade… The Unitary Control from the Center rooted under Spain has been maintained through the various political periods undergone by the country. However, the degree of central government control has been changing or there was trend for decentralization. Trends in both political and administrative decentralization have been influenced by threats to national security, personalities of the presidents, national integration, national development, and the perception of the central government on the competence of local government. Historical Roots of Federalism

Decentralization suffered a setback with the concentration of decision making powers during the Marcos regime. Centralization or unitary control from the Center is always the way of Colonizers and Dictators… Historical Roots of Federalism

But the Philippines is an archipelago … composed of 7, 107 islands … divided into three major island groups namely Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao with the total population 92, 337, 852 as of May, 2010. …. The diverse and numerous ethnic and tribal groups in the country can be attributed to its geographical features. The people on each big island or group of islands speak their own dialect, follows a culture that is distinct only among them. Historical Roots of Federalism

• The overthrow of Marcos in 1986 and the EDSA Uprising led to the adoption of the 1987 Constitution which declares as state policy: SECTION 25. The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments, which also led to the Local Government Code of 1991, strengthening local autonomy. • But autonomy is not Federalism. Historical Roots of Federalism

• One of the first proponents of federalism in the Philippines is University of the Philippines professor Jose Abueva who argued that a federal form of government is necessary to more efficiently cater to the needs of the country with its diversity. [2] • Aside from Abueva, senator Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. is a prominent supporter of federalism who, since 2001, has advocated for federalism. • Former Gov. Lito Osmeña of Cebu also ran for national office under the platform of Federalism. Historical Roots of Federalism

Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo also issued Executive Order No. 669, s. 2007. Signed on October 15, 2007 It sought to galvanize support from local leaders for the government and medium term Philippine Development Plan Goal of Federalism. But this was cut short as opposition to it arose out of the fear that GMA was using it to extend her term. Historical Roots of Federalism

Beginning in late 2014, Davao City Mayor Digong Duterte launched a nationwide campaign promoting a charter change for federalism. During his visit to Cebu City in October 2014, Mayor Digong stated that Federalism will facilitate better delivery of services to the People. He also saw the current system as “antiquated” where distribution of public funds is disporportionately biased towards Manila. Aside from the Economic Aspect, Mayor Digong said Federalism is also the best means to address problems in Mindanao suffering the most from ethno-religious conflicts. He added that the current unitary form of government has not worked well given the ethnic diversity in the country. Historical Roots of Federalism

• Power Sharing • Resources Sharing • Respect for All • Development for All Four Basic Principles of Federalism

Unitary Federal Government Powers Highly centralized and concentrated Dispersed, Shared Responsibilities Division of Funds More funds in Center/national More funds in States or Regions Development of Cultures Dominant Culture prevails Local Cultures can grown in their areas Economic Growth Central Areas grow Opportunities for big, others neglected growth for Regions Differences between Federalism and Unitary

• • People’s Initiative Constitutional Convention Constituent Assembly Constitutional Commission Enacting Federalism

Parliamentary or Presidential Unicameral or Bicameral Corollary to Federalism

Parliamentary Presidential Term of Office Fix 4 years but can be replaced anytime Fixed 6 years without reelection Electoral System Voting the Party not the Person Voting the Popular Candidate Civil Service Very strong and stable Changes Heads & Plans every new President Party System Mature and Active No clear parties, balimbing is norm DIFFERENCES

Countries Federal Unicameral Presidential USA YES NO/Bicame YES ral GBR YES NO/Parliame ntary FRANCE NO YES RUSSIA YES YES MODELS

2016 – Let’s elect Duterte President 2016 – Let’s call for Concon, Con. Ass or Concom 2017 – Let’s hold Nationwide Consultation (simultaneous with Peace Talks – NDF and Bangsamoro). 2018 - Drafting the Federal Constitution 2019 – Let’s approve it in a Plebiscite 2019 -2022 - Preparation by the various States 2022 - election of 1 st set of Federal/State Officials TIMETABLE

To see to it that these schedules are met …. Introducing …

PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE KILUSANG PAGBABAGO By: Peter Tiu Lavina, Deputy Cabinet Secretary, the only Filipino and Asian to attend and speak at the International Conference on Participatory Democracy in 2003 (Lille, France) and 2004 (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Advocate and Pioneer in promoting C 2 G G 2 C Communications using social media for Participatory Governance (2006). Elected City Councilor of Davao (2001, 2004, 2007). Head of Media Group and Duterte Campaign Spokesman, Head, Office of Participatory Governance 21

POWER OF THE PEOPLE 1660 Andres Malong revolt in Pangasinan against the oppression and injustices of the Spanish colonizers 22

POWER OF THE PEOPLE 1976 “Unthinkables and Out-of-the-box Events” Venezuela nationalizes oil industry; Cambodia uses nationalist name Kampuchea; UN seats PLO as member of the Security Council; International Bill of Rights takes effect; Formation of Arabic Monetary Fund; Union of ABA and NBA; Union of South and North Vietnam; Disbandment of cold-war era SEATO; American Episcopal church Oks ordination of women as priests and bishops; South Africa allows multi-racial team in sports; Fall of the Gang of Four in China; Spain dumps dictatorship, establishes democracy; Longest passenger flight Sydney to San Francisco 13 H 14 M; 23

PEOPLE WITH POWER 16, 601, 976 Votes are more than just giving President Duterte a landslide win and mandate; it was a clear signal to effect genuine change in our country 24

DEMOCRACY BUZZ WORDS ● ● ● ● Government of the people, by the people, for the people Direct democracy, representative democracy Citizen participation, Volunteerism People empowerment Participatory planning and budgeting Community engagement Dialogue and Watchdog Buy In, Ownership, Inclusive Growth 25

#TUNAYNAPAGBABAGO ● ● Nakaraan - “Kayo ang Boss Ko!” ➢ Sloganeering ➢ Paying mere lip service ➢ Not institutionalized Ngayon - #Partners. For. Change Kilusang Pagbabago ➢ The Duterte Government is all ours, ours to work with, ours to benefit from ➢ Actively promote, practice and engaged in participatory governance ➢ Institutionalize citizen participation 26

ELEMENTS ● ● This government is all ours (Ownership as sovereign and as stakeholders) This government is ours to work with (Buy in, inclusion, partnership, engagement) This government is ours to benefit from (Common good, each shares from our own collective endeavors) National Well-being [in the proposed new Development & Security Framework] 27

#PRESIDENTDUTERTETHRUSTS ● ● ● Bring back power to the people away from stranglehold of certain sections of the elites (level the playing field) and address poverty by increasing opportunities and raising the people’s living standards through economic development Regain our streets from, and suppress, crime and corruption Regain the trust and confidence of the people in government and in public institutions and intensify social development services, particularly to the needy Reform society through nationalist cultural renewal (love of country), building peace (end internal conflict) and moral recovery (values formation) Re-engineer the government through shift to Federal-Parliamentary form of government 28

NEW TOOLS FOR CONNECTIVITY ● ● ● C 2 G G 2 C (citizen-to-government / government-to-citizen communications) Social media (Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, etc. ) Citizen Volunteer Groups Call Hotline 8888 (Complaints and Suggestion) PPCP – inclusion of Community, Consumers, Cooperatives, Citizens (LGUs, local stakeholders, those to be affected by projects) www. ofwwatch. com 29

Moving Forward • President Duterte & the people as #Partners. For. Change • #100 Days are over, 5 years 9 months more ahead • Requisites for Change > Political maturity > Political & Electoral reforms > Strong civil service • Kilusang Pagbabago - Grassroots movement as expression of democratization and forging the power of the people to effect their own change • Organizing from the National level to the barangays to channel relevant government programs 30

KP MAIN THRUST: ENGAGE THE CITIZENRY MAIN TASKS: ● ● ● As partners to help run the affairs of government (representation in participatory planning and budgeting and membership in national and local bodies); As watchdog for our weaknesses, inaction, or abuse of power (corruption and injustices) = A People’s Audit As mass educators to help spread the thrusts, plans, programs, activities of the Duterte Government (especially in social and alternative media); As quick response system to work hand-in-hand with government in times of natural calamities and disasters. Defender of the Republic against internal and external threats. 31

KILUSANG PAGBABAGO • is not a POLITICAL PARTY • is not an enemy or an opponent or an adversary to LGU’s, but are PARTNERS • is MASS ORGANIZATION in a MASS MOVEMENT for real CHANGE Get Real

DAGHANG SALAMAT! Peter Tiu Lavina Head, Office of Participatory Governance Room 364 -A & 365, Mabini Hall, Malacanang facebook. com/ Peter Tiu Lavina