Federal Space Agency of the Russian Federation GLONASS

Federal Space Agency of the Russian Federation GLONASS: Status and Perspectives Civil GPS Service Interface Committee International Information Subcommittee Prague, 14 -15 March, 2005 ________________________ Sergey Revnivykh Satellite Navigation Department Mission Control Center Central Research Institute of Machine Building 4 Pionerskaya st, 141070 Korolyov sergey. revnivykh@mcc. rsa. ru http: //www. mcc. rsa. ru/iac. htm Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Overview q State Policy q System Status q Modernization q International Cooperation q Summary Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

State Policy Principles q GLONASS is a dual-use system q Recognition of GLONASS as an strategic element of the national security issue q No direct user fees for civil GLONASS service q Open access to the GLONASS civil signal structure for user equipment manufacture, applications development and value-added services q Combine GLONASS/GPS receivers use on the Russian territory q Compatibility and interoperability of GLONASS with GPS and future GALILEO q Development of the GNSS global market Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS State Policy Sources q Decree of the President , 1999 q Decision of the Government, 1999 q q Federal GLONASS Program for 20022011, approved by the Government, August 2001 State concept of the Russian United Navigation and Time Service System, October 2004: GLONASS is a key element of the Navigation and Time Service System Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Federal GLONASS Program Directions q Sustainment and development of GLONASS system (Roscosmos, MOD): • Minimal operation capability (18 satellites) by 2008 • Full operation capability (24 satellites) by 2010 q Development and production preparation of the GNSS user equipment for civil and governmental users (Agency of Industry, MOD) • Combined GNSS receivers • Integrated systems based on GNSS techniques • Components manufacture q Navigation technology introduction in the transport infrastructure (Transport Agencies of MOT) q Geodesy system modernization (Mapping Agency of MOT) Combined Federal Mission Oriented Program – directly funded from the Federal Budget with annual adjustment Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Program Management q Roskosmos: • GLONASS development • GLONASS augmentation development • GLONASS performance monitoring and control q MOD: • GLONASS development • GLONASS operation • User equipment development for governmental use ROSKOSMOS is The Program Coordinator Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Overview q State Policy q System Status q Modernization q International Cooperation q Summary Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Constellation Status (05. 03. 2005) 14 satellites in constellation q 12 GLONASS satellites (3 years life-time): • All operational q 2 GLONASS-M satellites (7 years life-time) • Both in flight test q Next launch – end of 2005 Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency Flight tests

Constellation History and Perspective GLONASS deployment milestones: • 18 satellites in constellation – 2007 • 24 satellites in constellation – 2010 -2011 Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Control Segment (Space Force) q q q GLONASS System Control Center • Krasnoznamensk, Moscow reg. • Satellite operation • OD&TS TT&C stations • St. Petersbourg reg. • Schelkovo, Moscow reg • Yenisseysk • Komsomolsk-Amur System clock (Central synchronizer) • Schelkovo Mission control segment development in schedule: q One-way tracking stations deployment: • Space Force sites • Rosstandard sites (Mendeleyevo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Satellite Performance q Guaranteed Life-time 3 years q Satellite mass 1 415 kg q Power supply 1 000 W q Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption 180 kg 600 W q Clock stability (24 hours) 5*10 -13 q Attitude control accuracy 0. 5 deg Solar panel pointing accuracy 5 deg q Group launch by PROTON Total launched 81 satellites Actual life-time 4. 5 years Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS-M Performance q Guaranteed Life-time 7 years q Satellite mass 1 415 kg q Power supply 1 450 W q Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption 250 kg 580 W q Clock stability (24 hours) 1*10 -13 q Attitude control accuracy 0. 5 deg q Solar panel pointing accuracy 2 deg GLONASS-M new features: q Extended life-time q L 2 civil signal q Improved clock stability q Improved solar panel pointing q Improved dynamic model, less level of unpredicted accelerations Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency Group launch by PROTON

GLONASS Availability Evolution 12/2001: 6 SV, A=17 gap = 13. 7 h 12/2002: 8 SV, A=22 gap = 9. 3 h 12/2003: 9 SV, A=35 gap = 9. 0 h Since 2001 the gap in navigation reduced from 14 to 3 hours 12/2007: 18 SV, A=96 gap = 0. 6 h 12/2004: 11 SV, A=58 gap = 4. 6 h 03/2005: 13 SV, A=76 gap = 2. 9 h Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Overview q State Policy q System Status q Modernization q International Cooperation q Summary Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Service Modernization q q q Second civil signal at L 2 frequency band since GLONASS-M in 2003 for higher accuracy Third civil signal at L 3 frequency band since GLONASS-K in 2008 for higher reliability and accuracy, especially for safety-of-life applications GNSS Integrity information in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – reliability of navigation service Global differential ephemeris and time corrections in the third civil signal (GLONASS-K) – sub meter real time accuracy for mobile users Search and Rescue service (extension of COSPAS/SARSAT service) – shortening time of precise positioning and rescue for people in distress Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Modernization Plan GLONASS 1982 -2007 Developer NPO PM Producer PO “Polyot” Total launched 81 SV Ordered 1 SV In orbit 12 SV Life-time 3 years GLONASS-M 2003 -2015 Developer NPO PM Producer NPO PM Ordered 8 SV In orbit 2 SV To be ordered 6 Life-time 7 years 2 nd civil signal GLONASS-K 2008 -2025 GLONASS-KM 2015 -…. . Requirement definition Developer NPO PM since 2002 г. D&D phase To be ordered up to 27 SV Life-time 10 years 3 rd civil signal Ground control segment modernization Navigation (OD$TS) system modernization GLONASS augmentation system implementation System certification for safety of life applications Navigation service market development Search and Rescue service implementation Supplementary functions (TBD) Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS-K Performance q Guaranteed Life-time 10 years q Satellite mass 850 kg q Power supply 1 270 W q Navigation payload • Mass • Power consumption 260 kg 750 W q Clock stability (24 hours) 1*10 -13 q Attitude control accuracy 0. 5 deg q Solar panel pointing accuracy 1 deg GLONASS-K new features: q Extended life-time q L 3 civil signal q Improved performance q SAR function Group launch by SOYUZ Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Signals fk 1=f 01+k×Df 1 fk 2=f 02+k×Df 2 fk 3=fk 1*3/4 f 01=1602 MHz; Df 1= 562, 5 k. Hz f 02=1246 MHz; Df 2= 437, 5 k. Hz Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GLONASS Augmentation Development Operation since 2008 GEO GLONASS-K National GLONASS/GPS Tracking Stations Network l a n g i s 3 L Uplink stations Data Processing and Analysis Center Ø Integrity information Ø Global Orbit and Time Corrections Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency Global IGS Network Positioning in real time: Global <1 m Regional <5 cm

GLONASS Performance Monitoring and Control q Central Research Institute of ROSKOSMOS (Information Analytical Navigation Center) to fit-back for GLONASS Control Segment • • • Daily ephemeris and clock correction evaluation Data of global IGS network in use Driver for GLONASS performance improvement Orbit error in range GPS (12. 02. 2005) GLONASS Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency GPS SISRE GLONASS

Overview q State Policy q System Status q Modernization q International Cooperation q Summary Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

General Goal q Benefit users by the reliable, accurate and with high availability navigation service • Developing GLONASS to provide compatibility and interoperability with existing and future systems q Beneficial use of GNSS service in the world market • Standards consolidation • Frequency protection • Joint development of user equipment and augmentations Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Russia - EU q Negotiation process resumed • Consultations on the EU-Russia GALILEO/GLONASS Agreement – text to be consolidated soon • Technical group to find solutions for compatibility and interoperability n n n q Signal compatibility and interoperability at L 3/E 5 b Time scale shift transmission GLONASS geodesy reference to be adjusted to ITRF Russian industry involvement into GALILEO development • • SOYUZ launch service for GSTB-V 2 a NII PP laser reflectors delivered for GSTB-V 2 a/b Involvement to the H-maser development Russian industry involvement in FP-6 Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Russia - India q Agreement signed in December 2004 • Civil GLONASS service covering • Participation of India in the GLONASS constellation sustainment (including launches of GLONASS-M satellites with India’s GSLV rocket) • Cooperation in ground GNSS infrastructure development Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Russia - US q GPS/GLONASS full compatibility provided by design for existing signals q Joint statement signed in December 2004: • No direct user fees for civil GLONASS/GPS service confirmed • Cooperation at International organizations • Ensure compatibility and interoperability • SAR function implementation • Agreement preparation Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

GPS/GLONASS Combine Use Benefits Advantage of Positioning Availability for Urban and Canyon Conditions (GDOP<5, mask angle 25 o) GPS+GLONASS (9 sats) GPS only Number of satellites in view for Moscow region during a day GPS+GLONASS (12 sats) GPS+GLONASS (9 sats) GPS+GLONASS (18 sats) GPS only Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Overview q State Policy q System Status q Modernization q International Cooperation q Summary Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Summary q q GLONASS is existing and developing system GLONASS significance as an element of the national security issue recognized Performance improvement is in schedule of Federal GLONASS Program Both compatibility and interoperability of the existing and future systems is the strategic way ahead Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency

Federal Space Agency of the Russian Federation Спасибо за внимание! Information Analytical Navigation Center / Mission Control Center Korolyov / Central Research Institute of Machine Building / Federal Space Agency