Federal Emergency Management Agency What Does It Do

Federal Emergency Management Agency What Does It Do and Why? University of Washington April 10, 2014

Federal Disaster Response § 1802 New Hampshire Fire (suspended bond payments) § 1971 Chicago Fire (suspended financial obligations) § 1900 Galveston Hurricane (local response w/minor federal) § 1906 San Francisco Earthquake (same – support Red Cross) § 1927 Great Mississippi Flood (feds support local relief effort) § 1950 Federal Disaster Assistance Program (major disasters) § 1970 Disaster Relief Act (loans & tax assistance + mitigation) § 1974 Disaster Relief Act of 1974 (Presidential authority) Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 2

FEMA – A History § 1979 – President Carter established FEMA, consolidating many separate Federal disaster-related responsibilities § “Dual-use Approach” recognizing commonalities between natural hazards and civil defense – integrated, all-hazards approach § Preparedness § Response § Recovery § Mitigation Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 3

DHS – A History § Eleven days after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge was appointed as the first Director of the Office of Homeland Security in the White House. The office oversaw and coordinated a comprehensive national strategy to safeguard the country against terrorism and respond to any future attacks. § With the passage of the Homeland Security Act by Congress in November 2002, the Department of Homeland Security formally came into being as a stand-alone, Cabinet-level department to further coordinate and unify national homeland security efforts, in March, 2003, consolidating 22 agencies. Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 4

Department of Homeland Security § Mission: § To secure the nation from the many threats the nation faces. This requires the dedication of more than 240, 000 employees in jobs that range from aviation and border security to emergency response. Its duties are wide-ranging, but its goal is clear - keeping America safe. Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 5

Department of Homeland Security § The Core Missions 1. Prevent terrorism and enhancing security 2. Secure and manage our borders 3. Enforce and administer immigration laws 4. Safeguard and secure cyberspace 5. Ensure resilience to disasters Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 6

Department of Homeland Security Secretary US Customs & Border Protection US Citizenship & Immigration Service US Coast Guard FEMA Secret Service US Immigration & Customs Enforcement Lucianne Phillips Transportation Security Administration April 11, 2013 7

DHS - Building a Resilient Nation § The Department of Homeland Security provides the coordinated, comprehensive federal response in the event of a terrorist attack, natural disaster or other large-scale emergency while working with federal, state, local, and private sector partners to ensure a swift and effective recovery effort. This includes efforts to: § Bolster information sharing and collaboration § Provide grants, plans and training to homeland security and law enforcement partners Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 8

FEMA – A History Continued § In the aftermath of 9/11 and the formation of DHS, the focus of the federal government was on terrorism preparedness, prevention, protection & response. Then: § 2004 Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan & Jeanne struck Florida § 2005 Hurricane Katrina Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 9

FEMA Authorities § 1988 Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief & Emergency Assistance Act § Authorizes the programs and processes by which the Federal Government provides disaster and emergency assistance to State, Tribal, and local governments, eligible private nonprofit organizations and individuals affected by a declared major disaster or emergency Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 10

FEMA Authorities § 2002 Homeland Security Act § Created the Department of Homeland Security to consolidate component agencies and has a mission to prevent terrorist attacks, reduce vulnerability, and minimize the damage and aid in recovering from attacks as they occur. § 2006 Post Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (PKEMRA) § Clarified and modified the Homeland Security Act with respect to organizational structure, authorities and responsibilities of FEMA leads and supports the Nation in a risk-based, comprehensive emergency management system of preparedness, protection, response, recovery and mitigation. Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 11

PKEMRA Reform Act § FEMA became a stand-alone agency within DHS § FEMA Administrator is principal Advisor to the President, Homeland Security Council, & Secretary of DHS on all emergency management-related matters in the USA § Structural changes in FEMA and new authority for training, exercises & grants § Creation of Private Sector and Disability Integration programs Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 12

FEMA Regional Boundaries Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 13

The Emergency Management System in the United States reflects the concept of “Federalism” (or the sharing of power between national, state, and local governments) which is enshrined in the U. S. Constitution. Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013

FEMA is not THE Team – We are PART of the Team y t n ou gt C nd cy M a y Cit ergen Em State Emergency Mgt Trib al Em erg enc y Mgt Law Enforcement Fire Service Public Health/Medical Public Works Non. Government Orgs Citizen Volunteers Military Critical Infrastructures Media Priv a Eme te Secto rgen r cy M gt al r e Fed ency g r y e Em Agenc Mgt Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013

Basic Emergency Management Process Emergency Management is a “bottom up” process, with action taken at lowest level possible first. Locals respond first with subsequent State and Federals support provided only upon request to supplement lower level efforts. Disaster Local Government State Government Federal Government Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013

Disaster Declaration Process Stafford Act Local /Tribal Government Responds Disaster threatens or occurs State /Tribal Government Responds Governor /Tribe Requests Joint Preliminary Damage Assessment (PDA) Federal resources may deploy in advance of immediate danger Advance teams (IMAT) or other elements deploy as directed Recovery Emergency Support Functions (ESF) activated as required FEMA responds with Teams, Supplies, Facilities, Advice, and $$$$$ Deploy Assets & Set up Joint Field Office (JFO) Federal Coordinating Officer (FCO) Appointed Region Administrator Analysis & Recommendation FEMA Director Recommendation to President Issues Federal Declaration

Emergency Support Functions (ESF’s) 1. Transportation Department of Transportation 2. Communications National Communications System 8. Health and Medical Services Department of Health and Human Services 9. Urban Search and Rescue Federal Emergency Management Agency 3. Public Works and Engineering Department of Defense U. S. Army Corps of Engineers 10. Hazardous Materials Environmental Protection Agency 4. Firefighting Department of Agriculture Forest Service 11. Food Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service 5. Information and Planning Federal Emergency Management Agency 12. Energy Department of Energy 6. Mass Care American Red Cross 7. Resource Support General Services Administration 13. Public Safety & Security Dept of Homeland Security – US Secret Service / Dept of Justice 14. Economic Stabilization Dept of Homeland Security - FEMA 15. Emergency Public Information & External Communications Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013

Current Joint Field Offices Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 19

FEMA is busy! § 2012 federal declarations § 64 Major Disaster Declarations § 18 federal emergency declarations § 48 fire management assistance declarations Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 20

Private Sector in Disaster § Private Sector owns most critical infrastructure (communications, transportation, energy, etc. ) § Economic health of community will be restored by a robust private sector § Employment will keep survivors in the affected area Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 21

Why Businesses Should Care 60% of businesses fail within 2 years of a disaster § Out of 5 businesses experiencing a disaster, 2 will never reopen. § Of the remaining 3, 1 will close within 2 years of the disaster. Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 22

What Can Go Wrong? § Loss of inventory and facilities § Loss of key records § Employees don’t come to work § Customers stop coming § Suppliers cannot get there § Suppliers have damage of their own § Local economy damaged Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 23

Lessons Learned Lessons from the New Zealand § Reconstruction takes longer than planned § Temporary commercial districts in shipping containers § Delays in reimbursements (insurer vs. government) § Aftershocks damaging earlier repairs Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 24

Lessons Learned Lessons from Sandy § Assess the customer base & cash flow § Prepare the supply chain § Cross train staff § How to handle fuel shortages? § Diversify communications providers § Educate customers in advance on what insurance does or does not cover § State boundary issues Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 25

Questions? Lucianne Phillips April 11, 2013 26