Federal Bureaucracy Chapter 15 Supplemental Power Point Federal

Federal Bureaucracy Chapter 15 Supplemental Power Point

Federal Bureaucracy-A governmental organizations, usually staffed with officials selected on the basis of experience and expertise, that works to implement public policy. Bureaucrats-An official in a government department, in particular one perceived as being concerned with procedural correctness at the expense of people's needs. Most bureaucrats belong to the Executive branch, but some report to Congress

Federal bureaucracy is organized into. . . Agencies Boards Commissions Corporations Advisory committees

Why have a bureaucracy? Efficient: clear chain of command, one person is boss with final decision Effective: set procedures and rules, specific functions, defined responsibilities

When the U. S. was formed, there were 2, 120 … today nearly 3 million people work for the federal government!

How is the Executive Branch President and Vice President = Chief Executive organized? Vice President = must have same qualifications as President; presidential succession White House Office -organize and manage the Executive branch based on structure style - Run the day-to-day affairs - Appointed by President (some need approval) POLICY POLITICS AND MANAGEME NT SUPPORT 3 areas of White House

Political and Management. Denis Mc. Donough Chief of Staff Closet advisor No Senate approval Coordinate day-to-day activities of the President Oversee other offices National Security Advisor Daily security briefings This person often becomes Secretary of State Susan Rice

Executive office of the President White House staff, close advisors and experts (appointed Policy Key by President, some need approval) Offices: Office of White House Office of VP Only constitutional duties: President of Senate, 25 th amendment becomes President is disabled, Presidential succession Office of Management and Budget Assist President in preparing budget and supervise administration after Senate approves *Economic Policy Office of Administration US Trade Representatives Advise President on foreign trade and negotiating agreements

Press Secretary Support Senate approval NO Chief spokesman for the President Control flow of information and set agenda In charge of press briefs Josh Earnest

Cabinet The Cabinet is made up of the 15 Executive departments created to advise the President and oversee a specific policy area

Cabinet Article II – “heads of departments”; but doesn’t list specifics about president’s advisors Chosen for expertise in area Appointed by President, confirmed by Senate Must be “vetted” (review credentials) Can be fired by President without Senate approval Becoming more diverse Each department has many levels of authority

Inner Cabinet: President’s closest advisors

Secretary of State = John Kerry Implements foreign policy Staffs embassies (offices of ambassadors in foreign countries) Represents the U. S. at United Nations 1. Department of State

2. Department of Treasury Secretary of Treasury = Jack Lew Manages the nation’s money Collect and oversee taxes Borrow and print money

3. Department of Defense Secretary of Defense: Ashton Carter Manage armed forces Maintain forts, bases, harbors Conduct military intelligence

4. Department of Justice Attorney General = Eric Holder Attorney for U. S. Run FBI, maintain federal prisons Investigate federal law violations

5. Department of Interior Protect public parks and land DNR Native American Programs

6. Department of Agriculture Help farmers (subsidies) Food stamps/EBT School lunch program

7. Department of Commerce Business in U. S. and abroad Census Weather service, patents, weights, measures Tide and current report

8. Department of Labor Protect American workers Minimum wage Unemployment Job training

9. Department of Health and Human Services Implements national health policy Social Security and Medicare Food, drug and Cosmetics laws (works with FDA)

10. Department of Housing and Urban Development Public housing Ensures equal housing Improves roads, sewers

11. Department of Transportation Interstates, railroads, airports, mass transit regulation and safety standards

12. Department of Energy Plans Gas energy policy and electric sales Conservation programs

13. Department of Education Federal assistance programs for schools College grants and loans NCLB and Race to the Top

14. Department of Veteran Affairs Benefits, hospital care and education for veterans and their families

15. Department of Homeland Security Controls border patrol (immigration), Coast Guard, Disaster Relief (FEMA), Secret Service, works with FBI and CIA

Independent Agencies and Corporations

Independent Executive Agencies Similar to cabinet department, but without status Examples: NASA and CIA

Independent Regulatory Agencies Created by Congress, appointed by President, approved by Senate Quasi-judicial and quasi-legislative Examples: FTC (trade), FCC (media), FEC (campaigns), EPA (Environment), FDA (food and drugs), CSPC (product recalls), OHSA (health and safety at work), Federal Reserve (inflation and interest)

Government Corporations Government run businesses that provide services Examples: TVA, FDIC, USPS, AMTRACK, PBS

Regulation or Deregulation? Why regulate? Lobbyists often pressure the agencies Agencies and industries that they regulate can develop close relationships because of the revolving door (changing from government job to lobbyist) Ethics 1989 in Government Act 1978, Ethics Reform Act

Regulation Acts Administrative Procedure Act 1946 Freedom of Information Act 1966 Must issue impact statement before any action involving environment Privacy Act 1974 Citizens have the right to inspect government records National Environmental Policy 1969 Before adopting new rules, the agency must notify, hold hearings, and request comments Government files about people (SS and taxes) are confidential Open Meeting Law 1976 Agency meetings must be open to the public (except military, national security, etc. )

Waste – slow, costs more money Red tape – too many rules and procedures Conflict – meet one criteria, messes up another Duplication – lots of forms and steps Imperialism – act without regard to others Impact of Regulations