Federal Aviation Administration Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System

Federal Aviation Administration Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (Aero. MACS) Status Briefing Presentation to WG-W/4 Montreal, Canada Presented by: Brent Phillips; FAA Date: Sept 14 - 16, 2011

Background • Future Communications Study (AP-17), ICAO Aeronautical Communications Panel, Recommendation #1: – Develop a new system based on the IEEE 802. 16 e standard operating in the C-band supporting the airport surface environment. • Next. Gen Implementation Plan (FY 09, FY 10 & FY 11) to improve collaborative Air Traffic Management includes “New ATM Requirements: Future Communications” – Concepts of use, preliminary requirements, and architecture for C-band airport surface wireless communication system – Test bed infrastructure to enable validation of aviation profile 2

C-band Datalink Recommendations Develop airport surface system based on IEEE 802. 16 e standard [A 1. 1] Identify the portions of the IEEE standard best suited for airport surface wireless communications, identify and develop any missing functionality and propose an aviation specific standard to appropriate standardisation bodies; [A 1. 2] Evaluate and validate the performance of the aviation specific standard to support wireless mobile communications networks operating in the relevant airport surface environments through trials and test bed development; [A 1. 3] Propose a channelization methodology for allocation of safety and regularity of flight services in the band to accommodate a range of airport classes, configurations and operational requirements; [A 0. 4] Complete business analysis in relation to the FCI components and implementation from the perspective of the ground infrastructure and the airlines. AIR TRAFFIC ORGANIZATION

2007 World Radiocommunications Conference Decision The WRC-07 approved adding an AM(R)S allocation for 5091 -5150 MHz to the International Table of Frequency Allocations Removed prior limitation in so-called MLS Extension Band for “support of navigation/surveillance functions” AM(R)S designation for safety and regularity of flight applications No interference allowed with other occupants in the band: non-GEO satellite feeder links and aeronautical telemetry Protected allocation enables ICAO to develop international standards for airport mobile (i. e. , wheels in contact) surface wireless communications networks that include fixed assets Ideal for airport surface wireless network with short range (~10 km or less sector coverage) and high data throughput (10 s of Mb/s) The WRC-12 will consider adding an AM(R)S allocation in the 5000 -5030 MHz band AIR TRAFFIC ORGANIZATION

Potential Aero. MACS Service Categories in U. S. • FAA, FTI, Others? • ARINC, SITA, Airlines, Others? • Port Authority, Commercial? 5

Aero. MACS Service Examples and Provision Options Air Traffic Services Service Examples Provision Options Airline Services Service Examples Provision Options Air traffic control commands beyond Data Comm Segment 3 Surface communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) fixed assets Government-owned (licensed)/Government-operated (GO/GO) Government-owned (licensed)/Commercially-operated (GO/CO) Non-competed service extension via FAA Telecommunications Infrastructure (FTI) Open commercial competition by FAA Airline Operational Control (AOC) Airline Administrative Communications (AAC) Advisory information System Wide Information Management (SWIM) Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) Meteorological (MET) data services Commercially-owned (licensed)/Commercially-operated (CO/CO) Non-competed service extension via exiting AOC service providers Airline service provision internally Open commercial competition by airlines Airport Operator/Port Authority Services Service Examples Provision Options Security video Routine and emergency operations De-icing/snow removal Local Government-owned (licensed)/Commercially-operated (GO/CO) Commercially-owned (licensed)/Commercially-operated (CO/CO) Open commercial competition by Operator/Port Authority 6

C-Band Research Description – FY 09 Develop Con. Use, requirements, and architecture for the C-Band airport surface wireless communications system Conduct supporting system analyses (e. g. high-level safety, interference, wireless security, risk assessment) Develop detailed system designs based on IEEE 802. 16 standards Establish an operational capability in Next. Gen CNS Test Bed to characterize the performance and conduct services demos/trials Develop test and demo plans and execute those plans to establish baseline performance as point of departure for proposed aeronautical services modifications Develop initial recommendations for joint RTCA/EUROCAE standards activities and provide support to new RTCA SC, and propose methods to validate standards in follow-on tasks

Aero. MACS FY 10 Evaluations • Measure data throughput and packet integrity for the following conditions: – – 5 and 10 MHz channel bandwidths Stationary and mobile subscriber stations at speeds of at least 40 knots Line-Of-Sight (LOS) and Non-LOS (N-LOS) propagation links Presence of adjacent channel activity • Mobility tests with hand-off transition between base station coverage sectors and between base stations • Determine minimum transmit power required to maintain a minimum level of link performance: – Single subscriber station antenna – MIMO antenna diversity • Characterize link performance when transferring sensor data from MLAT sensors in test bed – Mixture of data traffic streams – Traffic priority setting with Quality of Service (Qo. S) settings

Aero. MACS NASA-CLE CNS Test Bed • ITT’s Aero. MACS prototype implements features required to support mobile and stationary wideband communications for safety and regularity of flight services in an operational airport environment • Full prototype network has been installed, including user verification and security with Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) server function • Aero. MACS hardware and network installation completed in October 2009 with two multi-sector base stations providing wide area coverage and redundancy (one on Glenn property, one on CLE) and eight subscriber stations (two on Glenn, six on CLE) • Aero. MACS operational capability established in March 2010 9

NASA-Cleveland Test Bed Aero. MACS Network Layout NASA Glenn Research Center AZ = 55° ° Subscriber Stations AZ = 200° AZ = 45° AZ = 295° AZ = 185° Core Server Base Stations Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport 10

Two-Sector Base Station Located at NASA Glenn Hangar Building 4 GPS ODU BTS 1 -1 ODU GPS ODU BTS 1 -2 ODU 11 GHz Backhaul ODU 11

Three-Sector Base Station Located at CLE Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) Building GPS ODUs ARFF Building and Observation Deck 11 GHz Data Backhaul to B 110 BS ODUs (3) 12

Subscriber Station Installation Example on Sensis MLAT Equipment at NASA Glenn Building 500 Sensis Multilateration MLAT Remote Unit Equipment ITT Aero. MACS Subscriber Station ODU ITT Aero. MACS Subscriber Station Electronics Enclosure 13

Funded Research Activities in FY 11 • Evaluate selected ATC mobile applications on the aeronautical mobile airport communications system (Aero. MACS) • Investigate and resolve remaining issues affecting the final Aero. MACS profile inputs to the MOPS process Evaluate and recommend mobile Source Station (SS) MIMO antenna configurations for mobile SSs Optimize Aero. MACS system-level performance (Qo. S, data throughput, latency, error rate) within ITU limitations on radiated power Resolve channel BW and center frequency spacing plans to satisfy US and European objectives while preserving Spectrum Office flexibility and compatibility with Wi. MAX Forum practices Validate that the proposed Aero. MACS complies with interference requirements for the US proposed allocation at World Radiocommunications Conference in 2012. 14

RTCA SC-223 • RTCA Program Management Council approved SC-223 in July 2009 for Airport Surface Wireless Communications standard development – Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (Aero. MACS) profile is based on IEEE 802. 16 -2009 standard – Working in close collaboration with EUROCAE WG-82 to develop joint profile and MOPS documents. – Engaged industry participation for their perspectives: Honeywell (Co-Lead) and Rockwell Collins, avionics providers ITT (Co-Lead) and Harris, service providers Boeing, aircraft manufacturer – Draft Aero. MACS profile complete. Document through Final Recommendations and Comments (FRAC). Presented to PMC 28 Sept. 2011 formal approval. – Minimum Operational Performance Standard (MOPS) process began in February 2011. – Next RTCA SC-223/EUROCAE WG-82 Meeting: – 11 -13 October in Langen, Germany 15

Approach for Technical Parameter Profile • • • System profile define Aero. MACS operation in the unique airport surface environment Profile based on IEEE 802. 16 -2009 broadband mobility standard Leverages commercial mobile Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (Wi. MAX) for profiles, hardware, software, and network architecture • Testing, analyses, and demos will validate that application needs are met • RTCA SC-223 is developing FAA profile recommendations; EUROCAE WG-82 is developing common profile for EUROCONTROL in parallel Profile Area Key Parameter Selections RF/Radio parameters Frequency band Channel BWs Channel center frequencies 5091 to 5150 MHz 5, 10 MHz Center frequencies at 5 MHz increments Power class Max DL TX power Max UL TX power Unchanged from IEEE 802. 16 e Duplex Mode TDD/FDD TDD Physical Layer M-ary QAM range Coding options MIMO MAC Layer ARQ Security protocols Mobile protocols Qo. S options Performance profiles – Min. performance defined in 802. 16 e and sensitivity values scaled for frequency Unchanged from IEEE 802. 16 e 16

Pending FAA/SJU Coordination Plan 4. 4: Data-Link Technology – The U. S/FAA and EU/SESAR Joint Undertaking (SJU) have established a Memorandum of Cooperations for Civil Aviation R&D. • Annex 1 is for Next. Gen-SESAR Harmonization – “Eurocontrol/Nikos Fistas and FAA/Brent Phillips are the leads for the Data Link Technology Plan under the Communications, Navigation, Surveillance (CNS) & Airborne Interoperability Portfolio. • CP 4. 4 actions include agreement on: – – – LDACS Technology at the ICAO Level Updated AMSRS SARPs at the ICAO Level Aero. MACS Standards including ICAO SARPs Aero. MACS Cockpit Architecture Authentication and Authorizaton functionalities to ensure Global Hramonization Functionalities of a flexible Airborne Architiecture – Conduct the research and technology development based on the ICAO endorsed findings and recommendations of AP-17: Future Communications Study (FCS) 17

C-Band Research Description – FY 12 Assess requirements for data service segregation and reliable delivery of ATC and AOC Aero. MACS applications identified by the RCTA SC-223 Ad Hoc User Services and Applications Survey working group. Investigate secure and reliable methods for Private Key Management and synchronization across all AAA Aero. MACS sites, including the responsibility for generating initial PKM certificates and dissemination across the Aero. MACS system Support the development of the Aero. MACS Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) document in ICAO ACP Working Group S through validation and analysis.