Feb 2005 doc IEEE 802 15 05 0113

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Project: IEEE P 802. 15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Merged UWB proposal for IEEE 802. 15. 4 a Alt-PHY] Date Submitted: [22 Feb 2005] Source: [Francois Chin, et. al. ] Company: [Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore] Address: [21 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119613] Voice: [65 -68745687] FAX: [65 -67744990] E-Mail: [chinfrancois@i 2 r. a-star. edu. sg] Re: [Response to the call for proposal of IEEE 802. 15. 4 a, Doc Number: 15 -04 -0380 -02 -004 a ] Abstract: [Merged Proposal to IEEE 802. 15. 4 a Task Group] Purpose: [For presentation and consideration by the IEEE 802. 15. 4 a committee] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P 802. 15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P 802. 15. Submission 1 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a This contribution is a technical merger between*: Institute for Infocomm Research [05/032] General Atomics [05/016] Thales & Cellonics [05/008] KERI & SSU & KWU [05/033] Create-Net & China UWB Forum [05/019] Staccato Communications [04/0704] Wisair [05/09] * For a complete list of authors, please see page 3. Submission 2 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Authors Institute for Infocomm Research: Francois Chin, Xiaoming Peng, Sam Kwok, Zhongding Lei, Kannan, Yong-Huat Chew, Chin-Choy Chai, Rahim, Manjeet, T. T. Tjhung, Hongyi Fu, Tung-Chong Wong General Atomics: Naiel Askar, Susan Lin Thales & Cellonics: Serge Hethuin, Isabelle Bucaille, Arnaud Tonnerre, Fabrice Legrand, Joe Jurianto KERI & SSU & KWU: Kwan-Ho Kim, Sungsoo Choi, Youngjin Park, Hui. Myoung Oh, Yoan Shin, Won cheol Lee, and Ho-In Jeon Create-Net & China UWB Forum: Zheng Zhou, Frank Zheng, Honggang Zhang, Xiaofei Zhou, Iacopo Carreras, Sandro Pera, Imrich Chlamtac Staccato Communications: Roberto Aiello, Torbjorn Larsson Wisair: Gadi Shor, Sorin Goldenberg Submission 3 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Multiband Ternary Orthogonal Keying (M-TOK) for IEEE 802. 15. 4 a UWB based Alt-PHY Submission 4 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Goals • • Good use of UWB unlicensed spectrum Good system design Path to low complexity CMOS design Path to low power consumption Scalable to future standards Graceful co-existence with other services Graceful co-existence with other UWB systems Support different classes of nodes, with different reliability requirements (and $), with single common transmit signaling Submission 5 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Main Features Proposal main features: • Impulse-radio based (pulse-shape independent) • Common preamble signaling for different classes of nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential / noncoherent) • • Band Plan based on multiple 500 MHz bands Robustness against SOP interference Robustness against other in-band interference Scalability to trade-off complexity/performance Submission 6 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Proposed System Parameters Chip rate 24 Mcps # Pulse / Chip Period 1 Pulse Rep. Freq. 24 MHz # Chip / symbol (Code length) 32 Symbol Rate 24/32 MHz = 0. 75 MSps info. bit / sym (Mandatory Mode) 4 bit / symbol Mandatory bit rate 4 bit/sym x 0. 75 MSps = 3 Mbps #Code Sequences/ piconet 16 (4 bit/symbol) Code position modulation (CPM) Lower bit rate scalability Symbol Repetition Modulation {+1, -1} bipolar and {+1, -1, 0} ternary pulse train Total # simultaneous piconets supported 6 per FDM band Multple access for piconets Fixed sequence & FDM band for each piconet Submission 7 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a System Description • Each piconet uses one set of code sequences for different classes of nodes / type of receivers (coherent / differential / non-coherent receivers) • 16 Orthogonal Sequences of code length 32 to represent a 4 -bit symbol • PRF (chip rate): 24 MHz – Low enough to avoid significant interchip interference (ICI) with all 802. 15. 4 a multipath models – High enough to ensure low pulse peak power • FEC: optional (or low complexity type) Submission 8 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Band Plan BAND_ID Lower frequency Center frequency Upper frequency 1 3168 MHz 3432 MHz 3696 MHz 2 3696 MHz 3960 MHz 4224 MHz 3 4224 MHz 4488 MHz 4752 MHz 4 4752 MHz 5016 MHz 5280 MHz 5544 MHz 5808 MHz 6072 MHz 6336 MHz 7 6336 MHz 6600 MHz 6864 MHz 8 6864 MHz 7128 MHz 7392 MHz 9 7392 MHz 7656 MHz 7920 MHz 10 7920 MHz 8184 MHz 8448 MHz 11 8448 MHz 8712 MHz 8976 MHz 12 8976 MHz 9240 MHz 9504 MHz 13 9504 MHz 9768 MHz 10032 MHz 14 10032 MHz 10296 MHz 10560 MHz Submission 9 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Multiple access within piconet: TDMA+CSMA/CA same as 15. 4 Multiple access across piconets: CDM + FDM Different Piconet uses different Base Sequence & different 500 MHz band Submission 10 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Types of Receivers Supported • Coherent Detection: The phase of the received carrier waveform is known, and utilized for demodulation • Differential Chip Detection: The carrier phase of the previous signaling interval is used as phase reference for demodulation • Non-coherent Detection: The carrier phase information (e. g. pulse polarity) is unknown at the receiver Submission 11 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Criteria of Code Sequence Design 1. The sequence Set should have orthogonal (or near orthogonal) cross correlation properties to minimise symbol decision error for all the below receivers a. For coherent receiver b. For differential chip receiver c. For non-coherent symbol detection receiver d. Energy detection receiver 2. Each sequence should have good auto-correlation properties Submission 12 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Criteria of Code Sequence Design 2. To minimise impact of DC noise effect on energy collector based non -coherent receiver • For OOK signaling, the transmitter transmits {+1, -1, 0} ternary sequences • Conventional receive unipolar code sequence – follows transmit sequence • After the energy capture in the receiver, the noise has positive DC components in each chip; error occurs in thresholding, especially at lower SNR • This will accumulate noise unevenly in symbol decision • An ideal receive despreading chip sequence should then have bipolar chip values, preferrably with equal number of ‘+1 and ‘-1’ chips • This, to certain extent, will nullify DC noise energy in symbol decision • This, will also nullify energy components from other interfering piconets Submission 13 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Base Sequence Set Seq 1 0 + - - 0 0 0 + - 0 + + + 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 - - Seq 2 0 - 0 + - - 0 0 0 + 0 + - 0 + 0 0 + - - - Seq 3 0 - + 0 + + - - - 0 + 0 0 0 - 0 + + 0 0 - + - 0 0 Seq 4 0 0 + - - 0 0 0 - + + 0 0 + + 0 - 0 0 + 0 0 - Seq 5 0 + - 0 0 + + 0 0 + 0 - - 0 + 0 0 0 - - + 0 + Seq 6 0 0 0 - + - 0 0 + + 0 - 0 0 0 + 0 - - - + + 0 + - • 31 -chip Ternary Sequence set are chosen • Only one sequence and one fixed band (no hopping) will be used by all devices in a piconet • Logical channels for support of multiple piconets • 6 sequences = 6 logical channels (e. g. overlapping piconets) for each FDM Band • The same base sequence will be used to construct the symbol-tochip mapping table Submission 14 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Symbol-to-Chip Mapping: Gray coded 16 -ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying Symbol Cyclic shift to right by n chips, n= 0000 0 0+--000+-0+++0+0 -0000+00 -0 -+00 -- 0001 2 0 --+--000+-0+++0+0 -0000+00 -0 -+00 0011 4 000 --+--000+-0+++0+0 -0000+00 -0 -+ 0010 6 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+0 -0000+00 -0 0110 8 0– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+0 -0000+00 0111 10 000– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+0 -0000+ 0101 12 00+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+0 -000 0100 14 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+0– 0 1100 15 00000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+0– 1101 17 00– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++0+ 1111 19 00+0– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+++ 1110 21 0++0+0– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+-0+ 1010 23 00+++0+0– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000+- 1011 25 0+-0+++0+0– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--000 1001 27 000+-0+++0+0– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+--0 1000 29 0 -000+-0+++0+0– 0000+00– 0 -+00 --+- Submission 32 -Chip value To obtain 32 -chip per symbol, cyclic shift the Base Sequence first, then append a ‘ 0’-chip in front 15 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Good Properties of the Mapping Sequence 1. Cyclic nature, leads to simplementation 2. Zero DC for each sequence 3. No need for carrier phase tracking (i. e. coherent receiver) Submission 16 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Synchronisation Preamble Correlator output for synchronisation • Code sequences has good autocorrelation properties • Preamble is constructed by repeating ‘ 0000’ symbols • Long preamble is constructed by further symbol repetition Submission 17 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Frame Format 2 Octets: MAC Sublayer 1 0/4/8 Frame Seq. # Address Cont. MHR Octets: PHY Layer 4? Preamble SHR n Data Payload MSDU Data: 32 (n=23) 1 1 SFD Frame Length MPDU PHR PSDU 2 CRC MFR For ACK: 5 (n=0) PPDU Submission 18 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Transmission Mode Mo de Data Rate (Mbps) Bit / symbo l Sym. Rep. 1 a 3 4 1 Ternary - Short Preamble for all receivers - High Data Rate Mode (for Energy Collection receivers) 1 b 0. 75 4 4 Ternary - Long Preamble for all receivers - Low Data Rate Mode (for Energy Collection receivers) 2 a 3 4 1 Binary - High Data Rate Mode (for Coherent / Differential Chip Receiver) 2 b 0. 75 4 4 Binary - Low Data Rate Mode (for Coherent / Differential Chip Receiver) Submission TX Signaling 19 Receiver type Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Modulation & Coding (Mode 1) Binary data From PPDU Bit-to. Symbolto-Chip Symbol Repetition Pulse Generator {0, 1, -1} Ternary Sequence Bit to symbol mapping: group every 4 bits into a symbol Symbol-to-chip mapping: Each 4 -bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32 -chip sequence, according to 16 -ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying Symbol Repetition: for data rate and range scalability Pulse Genarator: • Transmit Ternary pulses at PRF = 24 MHz Submission 20 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Modulation & Coding (Mode 2) Binary data From PPDU Bit-to. Symbolto-Chip Symbol Repetition {0, 1, -1} Ternary Sequence Ternary. Binary Pulse Generator {1, -1} Binary Sequence Bit to symbol mapping: group every 4 bits into a symbol Symbol-to-chip mapping: Each 4 -bit symbol is mapped to one of 16 32 -chip sequence, according to 16 -ary Ternary Orthogonal Keying Symbol Repetition: for data rate and range scalability Ternary to Binary conversion: (-1/+1 → 1, 0 → -1) Pulse Genarator: • Transmit bipolar pulses at PRF = 24 MHz Submission 21 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Auto Correlation Properties for Non. Coherent Symbol Detection Receiver Submission 22 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Cross Correlation Properties for Coherent Detection Receiver Tx. Seq. Set * Rx. Seq. Set' (Mode 1) = Submission Tx. Seq. Set * Rx. Seq. Set' (Mode 2) = 23 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Differential Multipath Combining Submission 24 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Auto Correlation Properties for Differential Chip Detection Receiver Submission 25 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Cross Correlation Properties for Differential Chip Detection Receiver Differential. Chip(Tx. Seq. Set) * Differential. Chip(Rx. Seq. Set)’ (Mode 2) = Differential. Chip(Tx. Seq. Set) * Differential. Chip(Rx. Seq. Set)’ (Mode 1) = Submission 26 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Non-Coherent Receiver Architectures (Mode 1) BPF ( )2 LPF / integrator ADC Soft Despread Sample Rate 1/Tc • Energy detection technique rather than coherent receiver, for low cost, low complexity • Soft chip values gives best results • Oversampling & sequence correlation is used to recovery chip timing recovery • Synchronization fully re-acquired for each new packet received (=> no very accurate timebase needed) Submission 27 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Auto Correlation Properties for Energy Detection Receiver (Mode 1) Submission 28 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Cross Correlation Properties for Energy Detection Receiver (Mode 1) Tx. Seq. Set * Rx. Seq. Set ' = Submission 29 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a AWGN Performance Submission 30 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a AWGN Performance AWGN performance @ 1% PER Submission @ 3 Mbps Non-coherent symbol detection Differential chip detection Energy detection Mode 1 8. 5 d. B 13. 5 d. B Mode 2 7. 5 d. B 11. 5 d. B - 31 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Basic Data Rate Throughput (Low Rate Modes) • Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 0. 75 Mbps) • Symbol Period = 1. 33 us – Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 0. 75= 405. 3 µsec – ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 0. 75 = 117. 3 µsec – t. ACK (considering 15. 4 spec) : 192 µsec – LIFS (considering 15. 4 spec) : 640 µsec – Tframe = 1355 µsec – Useful Basic Data Rate = 189. 0 kbps Submission 32 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Basic Data Rate Throughput (High Rate Modes) • Useful data rate calculation for 32 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps) • Symbol Period = 1. 33 us – Data frame time : 38 x 8 / 3 = 101. 3 µsec – ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29. 3 µsec – t. ACK (considering 15. 4 spec) : 192 µsec – LIFS (considering 15. 4 spec) : 640 µsec – Tframe = 963 µsec – Useful Basic Data Rate = 265. 9 kbps Submission 33 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Basic Data Rate Throughput (High Rate Modes) • Useful data rate calculation for 127 byte PSDU (Xo = 3 Mbps) • Symbol Period = 1. 33 us – Data frame time : 127 x 8 / 3 = 354. 7 µsec – ACK frame time : 11 x 8 / 3 = 29. 3 µsec – t. ACK (considering 15. 4 spec) : 192 µsec – LIFS (considering 15. 4 spec) : 640 µsec – Tframe = 1216 µsec – Useful Basic Data Rate = 853. 5 kbps Submission 34 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Link Budget Submission 35 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Ranging and Positioning Submission 36 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Asynchronous Ranging Scheme • Synchronous ranging – One way ranging – Simple TOA/TDOA measurement – Universal external clock • Asynchronous ranging – Two way ranging – TOA/TDOA measurement by RTTs – Half-duplex type of signal exchange TOF : Time Of Flight RTT : Round Trip Time SHR : Synchronization Header But, High Complexity Asynchronous Ranging Submission 37 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Proposed Positioning Scheme l Features - Sequential two-way ranging is executed via relay transmissions - PAN coordinator manages the overall schedule for positioning - Inactive mode processing is required along the positioning - PAN coordinator may transfer all sorts of information such as observed - TDOAs to a processing unit (PU) for position calculation P_FFD 3 P_FFD 2 TOA 24 TOA 34 RFD PAN coordinator TOA 14 PU P_FFD : Positioning Full Function Device RFD : Reduced Function Device Benefits - It does not need pre-synchronization among the devices P_FFD 1 - Positioning in mobile environment is partly accomplished Submission 38 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Process of Proposed Positioning Scheme TOA measurement Submission 39 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a More Details for obtaining TDOAs • Distances among the positioning FFDs are calculated from RTT measurements and known time interval T RTT 12 = T + 2 T 12 = (RTT 12 – T)/2 RTT 23 = T + 2 T 23 = (RTT 23 – T)/2 RTT 13 = T 12 + 2 T + T 23 + T 13 = (RTT 13 – T 12 – T 23 – 2 T) • Using observed RTT measurements and calculated distances, TOAs/TDOAs are updated RTT 34 = T 34 + T 34 TOA 34 = (RTT 34 - T)/2 RTT 24 = T 23 + T 34 + T 24 TOA 24 = (RTT 24 - T 23 - TOA 34 - 2 T) RTT 14 = T 12 + T 23 + T 34 + T 14 TOA 14 = (RTT 14 - T 12 - T 23 - TOA 34 - 3 T) TDOA 12 = TOA 14 – TOA 24 TDOA 23 = TOA 24 – TOA 34 Submission 40 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Position Calculation using TDOAs • The range difference measurement defines a hyperboloid of constant range difference • When multiple range difference measurements are obtained, producing multiple hyperboloids, the position location of the device is at the intersection among the hyperboloids Submission 41 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Positioning Scenario Overview § Case 1 Cluster 1 • Using static reference nodes in relatively large scaled cluster : – Power control is required – Power consumption increases – All devices in cluster must be in inactive data transmission mode PAN Coordinator FFD § Case 2 RFD Positioning FFD(P_FFD) • Using static and dynamic nodes in overlapped small scaled subclusters : – Sequential positioning is executed in each sub-cluster – Low power consumption – Associated sub-cluster in positioning mode should be in inactive data transmission mode Cluster 1 Submission 42 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Positioning Scenario for Star topology • Star topology – PAN coordinator activated mode • Positioning all devices • Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is not required – Target device activated mode • Positioning is requested from some device • Re-alignment of positioning FFD’s list is required Submission 43 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Positioning Scenario for Cluster-tree Topology n Cluster-tree topology Submission 44 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Analog Energy Window Bank Submission 45 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Ranging Accuracy Improvement • Technical requirement for positioning – “It can be related to precise (tens of centimeters) localization in some cases, but is generally limited to about one meter ” • Parameters for technical requirement – Minimum required pulse duration : – Minimum required clock speed for the correlator in the conventional coherent systems High Cost ! ★ Fast ADC clock speed in the conventional coherent receiver is required for the digital signal processing Submission 46 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Analog Energy Window Bank (1) • Digital signal processing with fast clock can be replaced by using analog energy window bank with low clock speed • Why analog energy window bank? – Conventional single energy window may support the energy detection for data demodulation in the operation mode – However, this cannot guarantee the correct searching of the signal position in the timing mode (that also means the ambiguity of ranging accuracy) • Analog energy window bank can sufficiently support timing and calibration as well as operation mode – – Widow Bank Size : ~4 nsec (smallest pulse duration) The number of energy windows in a bank : 11 Operation clock speed of each energy window : 24 MHz Number of the required energy windows depends on the power delay profile of the multipath channel (effective multipath components) Submission 47 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Analog Energy Window Bank (2) Size of the Integrated Bank (S) First Path Estimation and Calibration Submission 48 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Modifying MAC Submission 49 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 • Features doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Modifications of MAC Command Frame (1) – Frame control field • frame type : positioning (new addition using a reserved bit) – Command frame identifier field • Positioning request/response (new addition) – Positioning parameter information field • Absolute coordinates of positioning FFDs • POS range • List of positioning FFDs and target devices • Power control • Pre-determined processing time (T) Octets : 2 1 0/4/8 1 Frame control Sequence number Addressing fields command frame identifier variable Positioning parameter MHR Submission MAC payload 50 Command payload 2 FCS MFR Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Modifications of MAC Command Frame (2) • Frame Control bits : 0~2 3 4 5 6 7~9 10~11 12~13 14~15 Frame type Security enabled Frame pending Ack. request Intra. PAN Reserved Dest. addressing mode Reserved Source addressing mode • Command frame identifier Frame type value Description 000 Beacon 001 Data Command frame identifier Command frame 010 Acknowledgment 0 x 01 Association request 011 MAC command 0 x 02 Association response 100 Positioning 0 x 03 Disassociation notification 101~111 Reserved 0 x 04 Data request 0 x 05 PAN ID conflict notification 0 x 06 Orphan notification 0 x 07 Beacon request 0 x 08 Coordinator realignment 0 x 09 GTS request 0 x 0 a Positioning request 0 x 0 b Positioning response 0 x 0 c~0 xff Reserved • Positioning parameter Fixed coordinate Submission POS range positioning FFDs Address & Target devices lists Predetermined processing time(T) Power Control 51 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.

Feb 2005 doc. : IEEE 802. 15 -05 -0113 -02 -004 a Summary The proposed system: • Impulse-radio based system coupled with a Common ternary signaling allows operation among different classes of nodes / type of receivers, with varying cost / power / performance trade-off • Has Band Plan based on multiple 500+MHz bands • Is robust against SOP interference • Is robust against other in-band interference Submission 52 Francois Chin (I 2 R), et. al.