Feasibility of a CMOS Ultra Wide Band Receiver

Feasibility of a CMOS Ultra Wide Band Receiver Component Design and Measurement Chih-An Angela Lin 05 gr 1051 Radio Frequency Integrated Systems and Circuits (RISC) Division, Aalborg University Supervisors: Tian Tong & Ole Kiel Jensen June 20, 2005 05 gr 1051

Outline p p Introduction to ultra wide band (UWB) technology n Applications n Definition and specification n Standardization process n Different modulation scheme proposals Goal of the project Multiplier of a delay-line demodulator n Gain & Linearity n Measurement setup n Measurement results and comparison Conclusion RISC Division 05 gr 1051 2

UWB applications p p Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) for shortrange applications. All network devices are: n n n p Organized Entertaining Connected 45. 1 million UWBenabled devices units by 2007, which results in revenues of $1. 39 billion by the end of that year*. *Source: Allied Business Intelligence RISC Division 05 gr 1051 3

What is UWB? p According to the Federal Communication Commission (FCC), a UWB bandwidth has a fractional bandwidth of: or Indoor RISC Division Bandwidth ≥ 500 MHz Outdoor 05 gr 1051 4

UWB signals and their spectra Pulse shaping using wavelets Source: IEEE 802. 15 -03/157 r 1 RISC Division 05 gr 1051 5

UWB standardization bodies USA Emission Spectrum Mask FCC p European Telecommunications Standards Institution (ETSI) p Japan Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) p RISC Division 05 gr 1051 6

UWB Technologies Different Proposals for One Standard p p Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DS-SS) UWB, also called DSSS Impulse Radio (DSSS-IR) UWB Frequency Modulation (FM) UWB Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique (CSEM) TI Intel Samsung Time Derivative Freescale Nokia MB-OFDM by UWB Multibandcoalition USA DSSS-IR UWB by UWB Forum FM UWB Europe RISC Division Tektronix 05 gr 1051 by CSEM 7

OFDM Symbols Generation RISC Division 05 gr 1051 8

MB-OFDM UWB Proposal *Source: www. ihp-microelectronics. com One single subcarrier* 5 carriers at the fc of each subcarrier. • Channel BW: 528 MHz • N-point FFT symbol (i. e. N=128) • 5. 2 ~ 5. 8 GHz forbidden • High data rate (up to 480 Mbps for 3 m) • Mode 1 = Group A No crosstalk* RISC Division 05 gr 1051 9

DSSS-IR UWB Proposal Up to 480 Mbps, currently 114 Mbps (20 meters) RISC Division 05 gr 1051 10

FM-UWB Proposal FM delay-line demodulator subcarrier RISC Division RF 05 gr 1051 11

UWB Standard Proposals Comparison Performance MB-OFDM UWB DSSS-IR UWB FM-UWB Data Rate Applications High data rate Low & medium data rate Narrowband Interference More sensitive Less sensitive Multipath / Fading Frequency selective fading Less Bandwidth Flexibility Flexible Less flexible Flexible Bandwidth Efficiency Lower Medium High Receiver complexity Need a complex DSP system RISC Division Need a complex A simple analog equalization correlator system 05 gr 1051 12

Multiplier of the Delay-Line Demodulator Gain Definition p p Fully-differential architecture Source follower based concept Equivalent function: [(X+x)(Y+y)+(X-x)(Y-y)][(X-x)(Y+y)+(X+x)(Y-y)]=4 xy Gain definition by using two sine signals: [V-1] p Gain in d. B scale: [d. BV-1] RISC Division 05 gr 1051 13

Multiplier Gain in ADS Simulation p p 1. 2. p p Aadvanced Design System (ADS simulation) Frequency ranges: 0. 85 GHz ~ 1. 55 GHz n ≈ 21. 9 d. BV-1, Dgain = ± 0. 4 d. B 3. 65 GHz ~ 4. 35 GHz n ≈ 20. 4 d. BV-1 , Dgain = ± 0. 3 d. B Ax = 200 m. V Ay = 200 m. V RISC Division 05 gr 1051 14

Multiplier Linearity Definition Linearity definition: 10% deviation from the extrapolated linear data deviation= [%] RISC Division 05 gr 1051 15

Multiplier Core & Biasing Circuit RISC Division 05 gr 1051 16

Multiplier Cadence Layout of Test Structures Test Structure 1 Test Structure 2 Multiplier Core, area ≈ 150 mm X 75 mm Area ≈ 1100 mm X 1200 mm RISC Division 05 gr 1051 17

Multiplier Measurement based on test structure 2 RISC Division 05 gr 1051 18

On-Wafer Measurement RISC Division 05 gr 1051 19

On-Wafer Measurement Power Measurement S-parameter characterization RISC Division 05 gr 1051 20

Measurement Details p p p Power supply: 2. 5 V Total current ≃ 1. 31 m. A Operating frequency: 1. 2. p p p 850 MHz ~ 1. 55 GHz 2. 3 GHz ~ 3. 0 GHz Saturation transistors: Vbias = 655 m. V Linear transistors: Vbias = 752 m. V Source power: -10 0 10 Ax [m. V] 21. 6 68. 2 216 682 Ay [m. V] 20. 9 66 209 659 Ax [m. V] 18 56. 9 180 569 Ay [m. V] 18. 2 57. 7 182 577 RISC Division 05 gr 1051 Saturation transistor input -20 Linear transistor input Source Power [d. Bm] output 21

Simulation & Measurement Results Gain Source Power [d. Bm] -20 -10 0 Sim. Gain [d. BV-1] 22. 5 22. 8 Mea. Gain [d. BV-1] 24. 8 20. 9 RISC Division Source Power [d. Bm] -20 -10 0 19. 5 Sim. Gain [d. BV-1] 22. 2 22 19 18 Mea. Gain [d. BV-1] 24 19. 5 18. 5 05 gr 1051 22

Simulation & Measurement Results Linearity p p Input frequencies: 1. 25 GHz & 1. 251 GHz Output frequency: 1 MHz Ax = 21. 6 m. V ~ 683 m. V Ay = 20. 9 m. V ~ 1. 17 V Input (Ax) Linear Range Output Linear Range Simulation 150 m. V ~ 350 m. V 200 m. V ~1 V Measurement 180 m. V ~ 300 m. V 100 m. V ~400 m. V RISC Division 05 gr 1051 23

Conclusion p p p UWB proposals discussed and one is selected, which is FMUWB FM-UWB signal generated Multiplier, a receiver component, is chosen and examined n n n p p Capable of FM-UWB signals demodulation Operates in two frequency bands Gain and linearity is defined Good gain performance Good linearity performance Low power consumption A paper based on the simulation results is accepted by International Symposium on Telecommunications in Iran CMOS UWB receiver component is feasible RISC Division 05 gr 1051 24

Thank you Question and Answer RISC Division 05 gr 1051 25