FCChh turnaround cycle END of SB Turnaround time
FCC-hh turn-around cycle END of SB Turn-around time START of SB SB: Stable Beams APOLLONIO (TE-MPE), W. BARTMANN (TE-ABT), X. BUFFAT (BE-ABP), A. NIEMI (BE-ICS), D. SCHULTE (BE-ABP), M. SOLFAROLI (BE-OP), L. S. STOEL (TE-ABT), R. ALEMANY (BE-OP) 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 1
13/4/2016 Turn-around time FCC WEEK 2016 Beam dump Stable Beams Adjust Ramp-Squeeze Prepare Ramp Injection Probe Injection Physics Setup Ramp down Beam dump Energy FCC-hh operational cycle (= LHC) t 2
Injection phase in FCC Opt LINAC 4 PSB PS SPS 100 km HEB LHC FCCinj Flattop beam energy (Ge. V) OPT 1 0. 160 OPT 2 0. 160 OPT 3 0. 160 2 26 450 3300 72 b 9 PS->SPS = 648 b 2 x 4 SPS->LHC = 2592 b/ring 4 LHC->FCC = 10368 b/ring 26 450 3300 10 PS->SPS=720 b 15 SPS->HEB =10800 b 1 HEB->FCC = 10800 b/ring 45 1550 80 b 8 PS->SPS=640 b 2 x 17 SPS->FCC =10880 b/ring Inj Ref: ec “H FC tion adro C W an n ee d TL Injec k R s” , L tors o Tinj (min) me. St , 20 oe 16 l , 36 29 34 Tinj = filling time + ramp up/ramp down + 10 s. No extra possible overheads. Assumptions: • Bunch intensity 1 e 11 p+ • SPS extraction kicker and HEB injection kicker flattops long enough to inject all SPS trains at once • HEB single ring; extraction in packets assuming no significant delay • SPS cycle time = 10. 8 + n x PS cycle time for n PS batches (except for OPT 3) 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 3
LHC injection probe & injection physics beam 1. Pilot bunch injection (~1 e 10 p+) (pilot reinjection might be required) 2. Measure/correct: Q, Q’, C, orbit, phase error 3. Injection of 2 x 12 bunch train per beam: 1. check transfer line and injection oscillations 2. If not good transfer line steering (needs time in LHC) 3. If good measure emittance 4. Injection of the rest of the physics beam 5. Once machine full PREPARE RAMP 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 Tune measurement Transfer line steering Physic fill injection 4
LHC injection probe & injection physics beam: theory vs reality LHC minimum injection time is defined by the number of injections required x SPS super cycle (SC) length: Average number of injections per fill = 22 SPS SC length = 59 s (not optimized for a dedicated LHC filling!) Minimum injection time in LHC = 22 minutes LHC 2015 ~ 50 min ~ 25 min Ref: M. Solfaroli, LHC EVIAN Workshop 2015 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 5
LHC injection probe & injection physics beam : what can go wrong Beam Setup at injectors Timing system latency Transfer Line steering IQC latency Beam measureme nts/ correction 13/4/2016 IQC unreliabili ty Beam Quality issues SPS SC BQM rejected 20% of the injection request Many clients Different SC needed for physics fill Hardware limitations Beam dynamics Cryogenic s heat load Beam instabilitie s TDI. B 2 vacuum Losses & blow up HC t. L p ue ho cq ks Ja or D. W 5 f: N 01 Re VIA 2 E Unavoidable Software issues SC: Super Cycle BQM: Beam Quality Monitor BS: Beam Screen FCC WEEK 2016 6
Beam dump Stable Beams Adjust Ramp-Squeeze Injection Probe Injection Physics Setup Ramp down Beam dump Energy Prepare ramp Prepare Ramp Prepare ramp in LHC: • Injection protection collimators to parking • Settings incorporation in the ramp function • Load settings in RF, PC, collimators, transverse dampers • Prepare feedbacks to follow the ramp 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 t AVG = 5’ BUT! Cryo stabilization Ref: M. Solfaroli, LHC EVIAN Workshop 2015 7
β* at flat top Ramp-squeeze in LHC: • Function playing (automatic procedure) • Q, Orbit and Transverse Feedbacks on β*(IP 1) = 3 m β*(IP 5) = 3 m β*(IP 2) = 10 m β*(IP 8) = 6 m 13/4/2016 Beam dump Stable Beams Adjust Ramp-Squeeze Prepare Ramp Injection Probe Injection Physics Setup Ramp down Beam dump Energy Ramp-Squeeze t • RAMP TIME: 20 min Ref: “Concepts for magnet circuit powering and protection”, M. Prioli, FCC Week Rome 2016 • SQUEEZE TIME: • LHC squeeze from 11 m to 0. 8 m (IP 1&5) = 12. 5 minutes • FCC-hh baseline squeeze from 5 m to 1. 1 m half of the LHC squeeze 6 min • Since combined with the ramp, part remains in the shadow 3 min • FLAT TOP: operator sequential actions ~ 5 min FCC WEEK 2016 8
Beam dump Stable Beams Ramp-Squeeze Prepare Ramp Injection Probe Injection Physics Setup Ramp down Beam dump Energy Adjust in LHC: • Settings incorporation • Functions playing (automatic procedure) • Experiments luminosity optimization t Lumi Ref: M. Solfaroli, LHC EVIAN Workshop 2015 IP 1 luminosity optimization 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 9
Beam dump Stable Beams Adjust Ramp-Squeeze Prepare Ramp Injection Probe Injection Physics Setup Ramp down Beam dump Energy Beam dump – ramp down t Beam dump – ramp down in LHC: Ramp down time: • Handshake for beam dump ~ 5 min • If all main power converters are (done in SB) four-quadrant ramp down = • Beams are dumped and the ramp down ramp = 20 min starts in parallel to many other tasks to • In LHC is not the case and the prepare the rest of the machine for the ramp down is ~ 40 min (2 xramp) next injection • But the time is driven by the magnet circuits ramp down B 1 dump image (> 2000 bunches) 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 10
FCC-hh theoretical turn-around time Mode PRE-INJECTION TO INJECTION Time (min) 10 INJECTION 36 PREPARE RAMP 5 RAMP-SQUEEZE 20+5+3 FLAT TOP ADJUST 5 RAMP DOWN 20 TOTAL 104± 10 (1. 7± 0. 2 h) 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 11
LHC turn-around time in 2015 LHC 2015 Distribution is a function of the AVAILABILITY/RELIABILITY Ref: M. Solfaroli, LHC EVIAN Workshop 2015 Only two fills made theoretical minimum! 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 12
Beam dump Stable Beams Adjust Ramp-Squeeze Prepare Ramp Injection Probe Injection Physics Setup Ramp down Beam dump Energy Conclusions t • FCC-hh nominal cycle a la LHC • Theoretical TURN-AROUND CYCLE TIME: 1. 8 hours • Real machines behave different, e. g. injection phase will be more than beam production at the injectors and transfer into FCC • The turn-around cycle time is a crucial input to: 1. AVAILABILITY-RELIABILITY FOR FCC-hh see “First results from availability studies”, A. Apollonio, FCC Week Rome 2016 2. OPTIMAL TIME IN STABLE BEAMS see “Luminosity Evolution in a Run”, X. Buffat, FCC Week Rome 2016 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 13
BACK UP 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 14
LHC injection probe & injection physics beam : what can go wrong A very detailed break down of the reason for such a LONG INJECTION TIME IN LHC in 2015 was made by D. Jacquet at EVIAN 2015. Below a brief summary from her presentation: • SPS SC has many clients • Timing system latency 3 -4 seconds before a new injection request can be processed • If filling one beam at the time, Injection Quality Check analysis latency up to 10 s • Many different LHC beams requested in 2015 28 hours assigned to injector setting up • Pilot, indiv, 12 b and nominal trains requires use of two to three different SC within the same fill switching from one to the other needs few minutes • 20 % of the nominal beam requests rejected by SPS BQM • Transfer line steering (though much efficiently done in 2015 than previous years) requires time • Unreliability of the IQC in 2015 slows down the injection, it can even screw it up • Some beam measurements in LHC are still manual slow • Cryogenics: injection of high intensity beams upsets cryogenics temperature stabilization in the BS; 24 hours down time assigned to this. • TDI. B 2 vacuum issues; 3 hours down time, 5 dumps at injection, forced us to inject one beam at the time and limited the number of bunches per train • Beam instabilities and blow up at injection (e-cloud, others) 13/4/2016 FCC WEEK 2016 15
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