FCAT Review Day 5 Body Systems Cells and
FCAT Review Day 5 Body Systems, Cells, and Genetics
Genetics
How do traits get passed? � • Chromosomes contain genes. � A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. � • Different forms of the same gene are called alleles � Human cells have 23 pairs of large linear nuclear chromosomes (22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes), giving a total of 46 per cell
Dominant & Recessive Every person has 2 alleles for every trait! � Dominant-when one allele covers up another �B � Recessive- the allele that gets covered up or disappears. �b
Genotype & Phenotype GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE � Genotype- the letters used � Phenotype- the way the to represent the alleles � Bb organism looks � Black
Heterozygous & Homozygous HETEROZYGOUS HOMOZYGOUS � Heterozygous� • Homozygous� 2 different alleles (1 � Homozygous� 2 different alleles (1 dominant & 1 recessive) � Bb dominant & 1 recessive) � 2 of the same alleles (either 2 dominant or 2 recessive � BB or bb
How to Set Up a Punnett Square
Cells
Living things have at least 5 common characteristics � 1. They are made of CELLS 2. They RESPOND to stimuli � 3. They use ENERGY 4. They GROW and DEVELOP � 5. They can REPRODUCE
There are 2 types of cells PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC
PROKARYOTIC EUKARYOTIC � No nucleus � No organelles � Most bacteria � 1 st kind of cell � Very simple � � Plants and animals � Organelles � Nucleus � Last to evolve
Are All Cells the Same Shape?
The Human Body Systems
Structural Organization
- Slides: 24