FAVELAS OF BRAZIL RIO DE JANEIRO MEANS RIVER
FAVELAS OF BRAZIL
RIO DE JANEIRO • MEANS RIVER OF JANUARY (PORTUGUESE) • CAPTIAL OF STATE OF RIO DE JANEIRO • 2 ND LARGEST CITY IN BRAZIL (SAO PAULO- 1 ST) • 3 RD LARGEST METORPOLITAN AREA IN SOUTH AMERICA • 6 TH LARGEST IN THE AMERICAS • 26 TH IN THE WORLD
RIO DE JANEIRO • CAPITAL OF BRAZIL FROM 1763 -1815 (PORTUGUESE COLONISM) • 1815 -1821 UK OF PORTUGAL, BRAZIL & ALGARVES • 1822 -1960 INDEPENDENT COUNTRY
RIO DE JANEIRO • NICKNAME “CIDADE MARAVIHOSA” MARVELOUS CITY • 2 ND LARGEST GDP IN BRAZIL • 30 TH IN THE WORLD
RIO DE JANEIRO • HEADQUARTERS OF TWO MAJOR COUNTRIES (VALE – nickel producers, PETROBRAS oil)
RIO DE JANEIRO • OIL, TELEPHONE, MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES • LOCATION OF MANY UNIVERSITIS AND INSTITUTES • 2 ND LARGEST CENTRE OF R&D IN BRAZIL
RIO DE JANEIRO • ATTRACTS THE MOST TOURISTS IN S. HEMISPHERE • ATTRACTIONS – NATURAL, CARNIVALS, SAMBA, BOSS NONVA, BEACHES (BARRA DA TIJUCA, COPACABANA, IPANEMA, LEBLON
RIO DE JANEIRO • CHRIST THE REDEEMER STATUTE, SUGAR LOAF MOUNTAIN (CORCOVADO)
RIO DE JANEIRO • MARACANA STADIUM (ONE FO WORLD’S LARGEST FOOTBALL STADIUMS (2014 HOST OF FIFA WORLD CUP)
RIO DE JANEIRO • SITE OF 2016 SUMMER OLYMPICS • Olympics
GEOGRAPHY (SITE) • ON ATLANTIC OCEAN NEAR TROPIC OF CANCER • LOCATED ON INLET OF COAST OF GUANABARA BAY • ENTRACE MARKED BY SUGAR LOAF MOUNTAIN
GEOGRAPHY (SITE)
GEOGRAPHY (SITE) • CORE OF CITY PLAINS OF WESTERN SHORE OF GUANABARA BAY • HILLS AND ROCKY MOUNTAINS WITHIN CITY • AREA - 1, 182. 3 KM 2
GEOGRAPHY (SITE) • TROPICAL SAVANNA CLIMATE • DECEMBER TO MARCH RAINY PERIOD • TEMPS. DURING SUMMER 40°C (104°F) • AVERAGE MONTHLY TEMPS. ABOVE 28°C (82°F)
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN) • JANUARY 1 ST, 1502 FIRST EUROPEAN CONTACT • PORTUGUESE EXPLORER GASPAR DE LEMOS • RIO FOUNDED BY PORTUGUESE ON MARCH 1 ST, 1565 AND NAME SAO SEBASTIAO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN) • 17 TH CENTURY RIO – PORT FOR EXPORTING GOLD AND SUGAR • 1819 145, 000 AFRICAN SLAVES IN RIO • BY 1840 # OF SLAVES INCREASED TO 220, 000
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN) • POP. OF RIO 6. 1 MILLION • METRO AREA 11. 5 MILLION • POP. DENSITY 6180 PEOPLE/KM² • • • WHITE (53. 43%) MULTIRACIAL (35. 08%) BLACK (11. 6%) ASIA (0. 18%) AMERINDIAN (0. 14%)
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN) • RIO HOME TO LARGEST PORTUGUESE POPULATION OUTSIDE OF LISBON, PORTUGAL • AFTER BRAZIL’S INDEPENDENCE THOUSANDS OF IMMIGRANTS FROM PORTUGAL DURING 20 TH CENTURY
GEOGRAPHY (HUMAN) • BLACK COMMUNITY FORMED FROM SLAVE TRADE (ANGOLA AND MOZAMBIQUE) • HUGE DISPARITIES B/T RICH AND POOR
FAVELAS • FIRST FAVELAS WERE ORIGINALLY QUILOMBOS INDEPENDENT SETTLEMENTS OF AFRICAN SLAVES THAT ESCAPED THEIR OWNERS • LOCATED ALONG THE HILLY TERRAIN OF THE AREA SURROUNDIG RIO • AS SLAVES WERE LIBERATED IN 1888 THEY WERE ATTRACTED TO THESE SETTLEMENTS AS THERE WAS NO WHERE ELSE FOR THEM TO LIVE
FAVELAS
FAVELAS • TERM USED FOR SHANTY TOWN IN BRAZIL • 18 TH CENTURY 1 ST SETTLEMENTS APPEAR CLOSE TO THE CITY • CALLED BAIRROS AFRICANOS (AFRICAN NEIGHOBURHOODS) • PLACE WERE FORMER SLAVES WITH NO LAND OWNERSHIP AND NO EMPLOYMENT OPTIONS LIVED
FAVELAS • THESE NEIGHBOURHOODS ATTRACTED MANY FREED SLAVES FROM 19 TH CENTURY TO EARLY 20 TH CENTURY • EVENTUALLY POOR BLACK CITIZENS WERE PUSHED FROM DOWNTOWN INTO MOUNTAINS FAR FROM DT
FAVELAS • FAVELAS REPLACED BARRIOS AFRICANOS IN THE 1970 S • MANY LEFT RURAL AREAS AND FLOCKED TO CITIES • WITHOUT PROPER HOUSING THEY ENDED UP IN A FAVELA
FAVELAS • 20, 000 VETERAN SOLDIERS WERE BROUGHT TO RIO FROM EASTERN PROVINCE OF BAHIA (DURING CONFLICT AGAINST THE SETTLERS OF CANUDOS)
FAVELAS • WITH NO PLACE TO LIVE • WHEN IN THE ARMY IN BAHIA FAVELAS HILL (FAVELA TREE THAT IRRITATES SKIN • SETTLED ON PROVIDENCE HILL IN RIO AND CALLED IT FAVELA HILL
FAVELAS • 100 S OF SHANTYTOWNS ERECTED IN SUBURBS AS A RESPONSE TO HOUSING CRISIS OF 1940 S • DURING THIS TIME FAVELAS REPLACED TENEMENTS AS MAIN TYPE OF RESIDENCE FOR RESIDENTS OF RIO
FAVELAS • 1970 S NEW GROWTH AS RESULT OF CONSTRUCTION BOOM IN RICHER AREAS LED TO MIGRATION FROM RURAL AREAS (JOBS) • HEAVING FLOODING IN LOWLYING AREAS FORCED MANY TO MOVE TO FAVELAS ALONG HILLSIDES
FAVELAS • INDUSTRILIZATION OF 1940 S 1970 S CONTRIBUTED TO THE GROWTH OF FAVELAS THOUSANDS OF MIGRANTS MOVED TO THE AREA FOR JOBS
BRAZILIAN CITIES WITH MOST FAVELAS
FAVELAS • BRAZIL MOST ECONOMICALLY UNEQUAL COUNTRIES IN WORLD • TOP 10% OF POP. EARNS 50% OF NATIONAL INCOME • 34% OF POP. LIVING BELOW POVERTY LINE
FAVELAS • 1969 -~300 FAVELAS IN RIO NOW OVER 600 • 1950 – 7% OF RIO’S POP. LIVED IN FAVELAS (NOW 19%) 1 IN 5 LIVE IN A FAVELA •
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