Fat oxidation process why and how to purposeful

Lipid autoxidation cycle TERMINATION STAGE = forming a non-radical species (secondary oxidation product) via…

Antioxidants in animal feed Why? © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies

Importance of good source of fat & oils Best energy source Kcal=3. 1 xg.

Effect on metabolisable energy • Effect on metabolisable energy of soyabean oil 0. 92

Polymerization © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved.

Effect of oxidation on feed intake BROILER Control Oxidized 2% Oxidized 3% TBA value

Effect of oxidation on animal oxidative stress Blood – 14 d of test PV

How to control lipid oxidation? © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies

Prevent autoxidation cycle TERMINATION STAGE = forming a non-radical species (secondary oxidation product) via…

Oxidation is irreversible Once started will only be rising But it still can be

Corn oil Oxidation status and relative stability of fresh produced and 9 months stored

Corn oil stabilization with Termox. TM © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of

DDGS Oxidative status of feedstuffs before mixing Fish feed OXITEST time (h) DDGS >

Thanks you © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2014. All rights

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Fat oxidation process: why and how to purposeful control it Nicola Tallarico Ph. D. , Product Manager – Kemin EMEA 4 th Annual DDGS Forum Budapest, Hungary. 05 -06 November 2015 © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. PRE-15 -000247

Lipid autoxidation cycle TERMINATION STAGE = forming a non-radical species (secondary oxidation product) via… • Reaction of two radicals Fats/Oils INITIATION STAGE = forming free radicals by… • Temperature • Metal ions (Cu++; Fe++) • Light Free radicals Peroxides © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. PROPAGATION STAGE = forming different fatty acid radical and a peroxide via… • Reaction with O 2 2

Importance of good source of fat & oils Best energy source Kcal=3. 1 xg. P + 4 xg. C + 9 xg. F Reduced energy content Source of essential fatty acids Carrier of vitamins and carotenoids Increase feed palatability © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2014. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. 4

Effect on metabolisable energy • Effect on metabolisable energy of soyabean oil 0. 92 kcal/g or 7% Pesti (2002) Poultry Science 81: 382 -390 © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2014. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. 5

Importance of good source of fat & oils Best energy source Kcal=3. 1 xg. P + 4 xg. C + 9 xg. F Source of essential fatty acids Carrier of vitamins and carotenoids Increase feed palatability © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. Reduced energy content Destruction of essential fatty acids Destruction vitamins and carotenoids 6

Effect of oxidation on feed intake BROILER Control Oxidized 2% Oxidized 3% TBA value (relative to control) 1 1. 6 1. 9 Feed intake (g/h/d) 125. 4 123. 9 121. 9 Anjum, M. Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci. (2002) TURKEY PV Feed intake (g/h/d) Control Oxidized 2% Oxidized 3% < 5 meq/kg 50 meq/kg 150 meq/kg 232. 8 213. 6 213. 5 Jankowski, J. Animal Feed Science (2000) PIGLETS PV Feed intake (g/h/d) Control Oxidized fish oil 32. 9 meq/kg 122. 6 meq/kg 595. 2 574. 9 Yuan, Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci. (2007) © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. 9

Effect of oxidation on animal oxidative stress Blood – 14 d of test PV MDA (nmol/ml) Liver – 26 d of test PV MDA (nmol/mg protein) Control Oxidized fish oil 32. 9 meq/kg 122. 6 meq/kg 2. 11 2. 73 Yuan, Asian-Aust J. Anim. Science (2007) Control Oxidized fish oil 32. 9 meq/kg 122. 6 meq/kg 1. 09 1. 41 © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. Yuan, Asian-Aust J. Anim. Science (2007) 11

Prevent autoxidation cycle TERMINATION STAGE = forming a non-radical species (secondary oxidation product) via… • Reaction of two radicals Fats/Oils INITIATION STAGE = forming free radicals by… • Temperature • Metal ions (Cu++; chelators Fe++) • Light Freescavenger radicals Radical Free radicals Radical scavenger Peroxides © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. PROPAGATION STAGE = forming different fatty Oxygen acid radical and a scavenger peroxide via… • Reaction with O 2 13

Oxidation is irreversible Once started will only be rising But it still can be slowed down with antioxidants! Shutterstock_177091973 © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. 14

Corn oil Oxidation status and relative stability of fresh produced and 9 months stored corn oil Fresh vs 9 months stored at room temperature Peroxide Value “PV” (m. Eq/kg) 2, 41 6, 11 TBA value (ppm) <0, 01 OXITEST induction point (h) 16, 40 14, 75 © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. Kemin internal reference: 15 - 15

Corn oil stabilization with Termox. TM © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. Kemin internal reference: 15 -00176 16

DDGS Oxidative status of feedstuffs before mixing Fish feed OXITEST time (h) DDGS > 48 PV 1, 94 © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2015. All rights reserved. ®™ Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc. , U. S. A. TBA 2, 07 Kemin internal reference: 15 -00160; 15 -00176; 1500098 17