Fascism Rises in Europe Characteristics of Fascism Extreme

Fascism Rises in Europe

Characteristics of Fascism • Extreme Nationalism – the state over the individual • Indoctrination • Secret Police • Authoritarian • Supported by – – Middle class Industrialists Military workers

What factors led to the rise of fascism in Italy? • Perceived betrayal at the Paris Peace Conference • Rising inflation • Unemployment • Social unrest • Fear of communism

How did Hitler maintain power? The Terror State Secret police called the Gestapo would spy on and arrest enemies of the state SS were responsible for running the concentration camps Everyone was scared of being arrested by the Gestapo and put into a concentration camp Propaganda Mass rallies, posters Keeping Control of Germany Popularity Ripping up the Treaty of Versailles and propaganda films Nazis controlled and censored the radio and newspapers School children were indoctrinated with Nazi ideas at school Hitler Youth Creating Jobs

Enemies of the State • • • Communists Social Democrats Jews Trade Unionists. Work Shy Homosexuals Gypsies Intellectuals The handicapped

Enemies of the State • A list of German women who were still purchasing goods from Jewish shops. • Printed to scare or terrorise other people into not buying from the Jews.

How did a terror state work? You are imprisoned for up to six months doing hard physical labor When you are released you tell everyone what happened to you. Gestapo spies inform on you “Terror is the best political weapon for nothing drives people harder than a fear Fear of sudden death. ” You are handed over to the SS who run the concentration camps By signing the form you are giving your consent to be put into a concentration camp Days or weeks later you are interviewed and asked to sign form D 11 You are woken up by the Gestapo at 1 am and told you have 5 minutes to pack You are arrested and thrown into a cell at the police station

How did the terror state work? • Everyone knew someone who knew someone else who had been in a concentration camp. • 800, 000 Germans were imprisoned from 1933 – 1945 as ‘Enemies of the State. ’ • 500, 000 were executed by being shot in the neck.

Why did the leadership of many eastern European nations fall to dictators? • Lacked experience with democracy • Economic problems and social unrest led these countries to question the ability of a democratic government to solve their problems • Looked for a strong leader to provide stability

Why did people like Hitler and Mussolini come to power during a period of crisis? • Hitler and Mussolini blamed others for the country’s problems and offered simple solutions

Why did Hitler have children join the Nazi organization? • They were impressionable • They would create a future generation of followers

What emotions did Hitler and Mussolini stir in their followers? • • Fear of outsiders Pride Loyalty Patriotism