FANS Future Air Navigation System Flight Crew Procedures

FANS (Future Air Navigation System) Flight Crew Procedures Brad Cornell Flight Deck / Flight Crew Operations 7 February 2012

What is FANS? Future Air Navigation System Space GPS - Navigation Inmarsat Comm Air Ground Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 2

ATC versus AOC ATC • FANS Protocol • Defined Messages – 20 CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN [altitude] – 55 CROSS [position] AT [speed] • 95% within 60 s AOC • • Free text Multiblock Messages – 1, 000 characters 777, 787, A 380 generates many multiblock messages No time requirements Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 3

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Section 5 of the Global Data Link Document (GOLD) • Overview • Logon • Uplinks • Downlinks • Automatic Dependant Surveillance • Position Reporting Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 4

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Overview • Data Link requires different flight procedures between the pilot flying and pilot not flying than are used for voice (very important) • Internal training program for FANS and integration with LOFT • Requires operational approval from state authorities • Operational approval enables regulators to ensure operators have an adequate training program and that the training program follows GOLD procedures. • When to use CPDLC and when to use voice communicaitons Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 5

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Logon • Unlike ACARS to establish a CPDLC connection the flight crew must “Logon” to an ATC facility to establish a CPDLC connection • Procedures cover logging on when on the ground, after departure, and when entering a FANS capable FIR • Procedures also cover automatic “handoffs” between FIRs and handoff failures Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 6

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Uplinks • Once a CPDLC connection has been established CPDLC messages can be exchanged between the aircraft and ATC • Each ATC data link (CPDLC) uplink message is annunciated to the flight crew using an aural and visual indication • Unlike voice communication CPDLC requires BOTH flight crew to read the uplink silently to maintain situational awareness • If reports are requested by ATC they should be responded to using CPDLC preformatted report messages not FREE TEXT • Crew training material should highlight and develop special procedures for use of Conditional Clearances Note: The Boeing 787 has a built in conditional clearance monitor function and the Boeing 777 has a crew reminder function that can be used to remind crew of conditional clearances Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 7

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Uplinks - continued • Free Text has been and continues to be a problem with flight crews. Each operator’s training program should highlight and remind flight crew’s on the use of free text. • Preformatted messages should be used AT ALL TIMES in stead of typing out the same message using Free Text Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 8

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Downlinks • Once a CPDLC connection is established the flight crew can create and send a “downlink” ATC message by using the pre-formatted message pages. • Preformatted messages should be used AT ALL TIMES in stead of typing out the same message using Free Text • To avoid potential ambiguity, the flight crew should avoid sending multiple clearance requests in a single downlink message Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 9

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Uplinks • Once a CPDLC connection has been established CPDLC messages can be exchanged between the aircraft and ATC • Each ATC data link (CPDLC) uplink message is annunciated to the flight crew using an aural and visual indication • Unlike voice communication CPDLC requires BOTH flight crew to read the uplink silently to maintain situational awareness • Crew training material should highlight and develop special procedures for use of Conditional Clearances Note: The Boeing 787 has a built in conditional clearance monitor function and the Boeing 777 has a crew reminder function that can be used to remind crew of conditional clearances Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 10

FANS Flight Crew Procedures • Logon • Unlike ACARS to establish a CPDLC connection the flight crew must “Logon” to an ATC facility to establish a CPDLC connection • Procedures cover logging on when on the ground, after departure, and when entering a FANS capable FIR • Procedures also cover automatic “handoffs” between FIRs and handoff failures Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 11

747 -400 FANS Interface 737 NG, 757, and 767 are Similar Forward CDU Functions • FMC • Company datalink (ACARS) • ATC datalink • SATCOM • CMC • AOC AFT CDU Functions • ACMS • Company datalink (ACARS) • CMC • SATCOM Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 12

747 -400 Implementation ATC Data Link • • • Uplink Annunciation Loadable Clearances Armed Reports Position Reporting ATC Message Log Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 13

ATC Data Link • • • Airplane Requests Clearance Review Send to ATC Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 14

AOC Data Link • • • Accessible via MCDU key Route Uplinks Wind Uplinks Position Reports Route Data Reports Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 15

777 FANS Interface • Centralized alerting • Accept / Reject / Cancel Switches • Automatic ATC uplink display • Large format displays • Common interface for both Company and ATC • Common user interface with other function - ECL • Crew Reminder Function can be used for conditional clearances Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 16

787 FANS Interface • Centralized alerting • Accept / Reject / Cancel Switches • Automatic ATC uplink display • Large format displays • Common interface for both Company and ATC (FANS and ATN) • Common user interface with other function - ECL • Conditional Clearance monitor Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 17

777 FANS 1 Implementation • • • MFD display Cursor Control Selection Functionally similar to 747 -400 Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 18

777 FANS 1 Implementation • • • Full Display of uplink Color coded display Action selection via CCD Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 19

777 FANS 1 Implementation • • Route Request via MFD Form Most pilot selections via form Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design Page 20

Questions? Flight Deck, Flight Crew Operations Research & Design 12/2/2020 Page 21