Family Planning Benefits of Family Planning Benefits to

Family Planning

Benefits of Family Planning Benefits to the Mother Reduces the risk of maternal death. l Decreases health risks associated with too many pregnancies l Promotes and protects maternal health l Decreases the incidence of high-risk pregnancies. l Decreases the dangers of unsafe abortion sought for unwanted pregnancies. l

Benefits of Family Planning Benefits to the Child l l l Decreasing the rate of infant mortality and morbidity. Decreasing the rate of premature and low birth weight babies. Decreasing the rate of congenital abnormalities and mental retardation. Improving the child’s the physical, mental, and intellectual growth Increasing the child’s chance for sufficient breastfeeding, care and love. Reducing the risk of maternal death, which negatively impacts child health and survival.

Benefits of Family Planning Benefits to the Family l l Improves physical health and emotional well being of family members. Decreases parents’ physical and mental burden and provides sufficient time for childcare. Decreases the family’s economic burden, enabling the provision of good nutrition, health care, education, clothes, recreation and other family needs for a healthy environment. Enables the family to participate in social, educational, and economic activities.

Benefits of Family Planning Benefits to Society Improves the health and nutritional status of the community. l Improves economic status and decreases poverty. l Protects the environment by decreasing demand on natural resources. l Decreases demand for public services such as housing, water, energy, education, health and social services. l

Types Hormonal Combined oral contraceptive Progestogen only Depot injections Implants

Types Intrauterine devices Copper coils Intrauterine systems ( Mirena ) Emergency contraception

Types Barrier methods Diaphragm Cap Condoms Female condoms Spermicides

Types Natural Methods Sterilisation Male Female

First Requests Issues regarding choice Age Efficacy required Ease of use

First Requests Topics to cover for each method Efficacy Individual suitability Absolute contra-indications Side effects Adverse reactions

First Requests Advantages other than contraception Mode of use Onset of action Follow-up arrangements Timing of return to fertility Protection against sexually transmitted disease

First Requests History Existing medical problems Regular medication Family history Menstrual history Obstetric history Previous contraceptive use

Combined Pills The most popular method. Relatively few contraindications. Risks of stroke and MI reduced by measuring BP before and during use.

Combined Pills Highly effective Increased risk of venous thrombosis Not for use in smokers over 35 years May raise blood pressure Cannot be used while breast feeding Caution with liver enzyme inducers Caution with broad spectrum antibiotics

Combined Pills Reduces ovarian cancer Reduces endometrial cancer Reduces benign breast disease Accelerates the presentation of breast cancer but probably does not increase absolute risk

Combined Pills Contraindications Previous DVT etc Breast or gynaecological cancer Any liver disease Any ischaemic heart or Cerebrovascular disease Gross obesity

Combined Pills Pulmonary hypertension Sickle cell disease migraine Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Combined Pills Heart valve disease Porphyria Chorea Pemphigoid

Combined Pills Precautions Hypertension Raynauds Diabetes Asthma Varicose veins

Combined Pills Severe depression Chronic renal disease MS Dialysis Hyperprolactinaemia

Combined Pills Troubleshooting Weight gain BP Migraine Breakthrough bleeding Spotting Malaise

Progestogen only pills Reversible Needs to be taken daily May cause menstrual irregularity May be used in hypertension May be used while breastfeeding

Depot progestogens Every 2 -3 months Very effective Delay fertility return May cause weight gain May cause menstrual irregularity

IUD / IUS Contraindications Unexplained vaginal bleeding PID or recent PID Uterine distortion Risk of endocarditis (I. E. Murmurs etc)

IUD / IUS Heavy periods Specialist skills needed IUS cost