FAMILY MARRIAGE AND KINSHIP ANT1010 Questions What does

Questions: What does marriage do? How do we decide who to marry? MARRIAGE…… THERE

WHAT IS THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF MARRIAGE? According to Edmund Leach: • Establish Parentage

WHO TO MARRY……… Incest Prohibitions Cover both marriage and sex (unlike exogamy and endogamy)

Monomgamy – Having one spouse Polygamy – Having more than one spouse Polyandry –

FINDING A MATE……… Love Marriage Known Cross-culturally, but often seen as volatile and problematic

v. Child- rearing v. Economic support of its members v. May or may not

RESIDENCE PATTERNS……. Neolocal New residence away from both families Affords privacy and independence, but

KINSHIP SYSTEMS Kinship system – cultural rules defining the relationships between consanguineal and affinal

DESCENT GROUPS……. Unilineal Patrilineal, lineage traced through paternal line Patrilineal Matrilineal, lineage traced through

MORE CATEGORIES OF ORGANIZATION …. Clans – a group of two or more lineages

INUIT TERMINOLOGY SYSTEM Each number represents a single kinship term. For example, mother, father,

IROQUOIS Each number represents a single kinship term. For example, mother, TERMINOLOGY SYSTEM father,

HAWAIIAN Each number represents a single kinship term. For example, mother, TERMINOLOGY SYSTEM father,

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FAMILY, MARRIAGE, AND KINSHIP ANT-1010

Questions: What does marriage do? How do we decide who to marry? MARRIAGE…… THERE IS NO CROSS-CULTURALLY VALID DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE What are the different types of marriage?

WHAT IS THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF MARRIAGE? According to Edmund Leach: • Establish Parentage for Children • Sexual Access to Spouse • Give Rights to the Labor of one’s Spouse • Establish Rights over each other’s Property • Establish Inheritance of Joint Property • Establish Relationships between Families

WHO TO MARRY……… Incest Prohibitions Cover both marriage and sex (unlike exogamy and endogamy) • Found in every culture, but who is prohibited varies • Most commonly prohibits parents and children and siblings • Exceptions, Royal lineages may encourage sibling marriage Endogamy- Exogamy Endogamy- preference for marrying within a group. • For example, within a religion, social class, or ethnicity Exogamy- preference for marrying outside a given group • For example, those seen as having certain kinship ties

Monomgamy – Having one spouse Polygamy – Having more than one spouse Polyandry – One woman, plural husbands http: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=d 4 yjr. DSvz e 0 Polygyny- One man, plural wives https: //www. youtube. c om/watch? v=t. VLd. F_U qu 9 I This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC TYPES OF MARRIAGE Group Marriage Same –Sex Marriage Female Husband among Nuer Male Bride among the Azande Berdache in Native American cultures

FINDING A MATE……… Love Marriage Known Cross-culturally, but often seen as volatile and problematic Arranged Marriage Very common cross-culturally and Historically Searches and Negotiations can take years Marriage Finance • Dowry – gifts bride brings into the marriage • Bridewealth – gifts from groom’s family to the bride’s family Among the Nuer can be $5 -10, 000 • Brideservice – When a groom stays with the bride’s family and the products of his labor go to the bride’s family. Usually a temporary arrangement.

v. Child- rearing v. Economic support of its members v. May or may not reside together v. Family of orientation – the family you are born into FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY v. Family of procreationthe family that you start

RESIDENCE PATTERNS……. Neolocal New residence away from both families Affords privacy and independence, but little support Patrilocal Live with husband’s family Most common Matrilocal Live with bride’s family Matrifocal Mother and children w/o husband Bilocal May live with either family Avunculocal Live with mother’s brother’s family

KINSHIP SYSTEMS Kinship system – cultural rules defining the relationships between consanguineal and affinal kin Functions Organize People Govern Behavior Provide Security and Support

DESCENT GROUPS……. Unilineal Patrilineal, lineage traced through paternal line Patrilineal Matrilineal, lineage traced through maternal line Matrilineal Bilateral Degree of kinship based on relation to ego Members of kinship group are called a kindred Only full siblings share the same kindred

MORE CATEGORIES OF ORGANIZATION …. Clans – a group of two or more lineages that trace their origin back to a common mythical ancestor Phratry – a group of two or more clans that have a relationship (obligations and rights) Moiety – the division of a society in half Sodalities – a non-kin-based group that crosscuts society. Various bases for membership.

INUIT TERMINOLOGY SYSTEM Each number represents a single kinship term. For example, mother, father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle. This terminology system is likely the one most familiar to you.

IROQUOIS Each number represents a single kinship term. For example, mother, TERMINOLOGY SYSTEM father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle. Notice that the term for father is shared with all father’s brothers and the term for mother is shared with all mother’s sisters. What else do you notice?

HAWAIIAN Each number represents a single kinship term. For example, mother, TERMINOLOGY SYSTEM father, sister, brother, aunt, uncle. Notice that the term for father is shared with all father’s brothers and mother’s brother. The term for mother is shared with all mother’s sisters and father’s sisters. What else do you notice?