Family and Parental Leave Yovanna Pineda History Department

Family and Parental Leave Yovanna Pineda History Department December 17, 2014

Family Leave in the U. S. • As of 2011, 178 countries guarantee paid maternity leave under national law. • Only three countries offer absolutely no legal guarantee of paid maternity leave: Papua New Guinea, Swaziland, and the United States. • Emotional and physical costs to the family • In a 2010 survey of registered voters, 76 % endorsed laws providing leave for family care and childbirth, 69 % endorsed paid sick day laws, and 82 % stronger laws against discrimination and unfair treatment at work.

Family Leave in the U. S. • As of 2011, 178 countries guarantee paid maternity leave under national law. • Only three countries offer absolutely no legal guarantee of paid maternity leave: Papua New Guinea, Swaziland, and the United States. • Emotional and physical costs to the family. • In a 2010 survey of registered U. S. voters, 76 % endorsed laws providing leave for family care and childbirth, 69 % endorsed paid sick day laws, and 82 % stronger laws against discrimination and unfair treatment at work.

Family Leave • For most women, unpaid leave is not an option. As of 2009, 39 percent of mothers were primary breadwinners, 63 percent cobreadwinners who contributed at least a quarter of family earnings.

Women Leaving the Workforce • NYTimes: “Why U. S. Women are Leaving Jobs Behind” (12/12/14).

University of Central Florida: Survey on Parental Leave Represented Colleges: CAH; COS; Engineering and CS; COPHA; Library; College of Education (All families included) Number of respondents: 15 (Male= 3 ; Female= 12) Number of pregnancies: 16 Questions Did you know about UCF parental policies when you got pregnant? 1 Yes No 11 UCF-Center Office Talk for Faculty of previous UFFWomen parents UCF/CBA Not Yet or UCF-google N/A search UCF-HR Spouse TOTAL 5 (Not initially) 16 How did you find out about them? (Where is the first place you searched? ) 1 5 2 5 1 1 15 Did you request parental leave? 1 9 3 4 16 Did you have any challenging experiences in requesting parental leave? 1 8 4 4 15 1. Accounts for multiple pregnancies.

What respondents would like to see as familyfriendly policies at UCF 15 Respondents TOTAL DUTIES & MONETARY 6 -8 week paid leave No teaching sem Tenure Clock Stoppage Transparent MID policy Telecommuting option Reduction in research/service obl. 13 13 7 4 2 1 1 semester full pay; or 2 semesters 1/2 pay 1 CHILDCARE Subsidized childcare 5 Childcare grant if Creative School was full 5 Benefit of college tuition for dependents Conference Child care grant Drop-in Daycare 4 3 1 NO COST ITEMS Note: The answers depended on (1) how well informed the person was and how much they had read about the topic; (2) if they had arrived from another school; (3) if they are active on the job market and seeing what other schools offer as a recruitment package; (4) worked for the Union; (5) personal situation and experience. Offer HR workshops several times per year 2 Family Friendly Bathrooms 3 Changing tables in UCF bathrooms Disable parking for expectant mothers during first trimester (exhaustion, vomitting) 3 Attidude shift by the Administration (i. e. , say congratulations) 3 3 Family-Friendly, available to all families/individuals(Diverse and Inclusive) Be Diverse and Inclusive (recognize non traditional couples in all policy) Dual career policy Adoption aid/Adoption coverage Providing for ill spouse/parent Remove pregnancy penalty 1 2 2 1 2

Parental/Family-Friendly Policies State University UT Austin Univ. of Michigan Modified Paid Parental Instructional Childcare Paid Leave for Employment Nursing time Telecommuti Tenure Clock Leave (6 -8 Duties (i. e. , Facilities for Family Assistance for and facilities ng option Extension weeks) No Teaching faculty Emergencies spouses on campus Semester) X X Automatic X X Upon request Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign 2 weeks paid X Upon request University of Oregon X X University of California X X Upon request University of South Florida X X Automatic X X spaces 374 4 Child Centers X X X Paid subsidized-at- Dual career home sick program child services X Upon request X (State law) X X X Family Life Website

State University Florida Atlantic University Modified Paid Parental Instructional Childcare Paid Leave Employment Nursing time Telecommuti Tenure Clock Leave (6 -8 Duties (i. e. , Facilities for Family Assistance and facilities ng option Extension weeks) No Teaching faculty Emergencies for spouses on campus Semester) X X (Adjuncts are expected to replace parent’s courses. ) Family Life Website Upon request University of Wyoming X (no teaching semester) University of Arizona Re-assignment of alternative duties Upon request University of Florida X Upon request University of Central Florida* Ad hoc (depends on dept chair; college dean)** Automatic List of approved child centers Few spaces at Creative School; Upon request students receive priority X Five Nursing Centers Facebook site for parents. *SGA at UCF has passed a series of progressive pro-family policies: (1) paid six-week parental leave for graduate students; (2) subsidized childcare grant; (3) $1, 000 scholarship for single parents. **The Center for Success of Faculty Women has played a significant role in helping women ask for leave.

Total faculty % OF MALE AND FEMALE FACULTY Program Director Scholar/Scientist Instructional Specialists Faculty Administrator School of Medicine Research Associate Librarian Lecturer Instructor Assistant Professor Associate Professor Gender Inequities at UCF TOTAL MALE FACULTY TOTAL FEMALE FACULTY 969 672 1, 641 59. 0 300 250 200 150 Male 100 Female 50 0 41. 0

Representative Female and Male Faculty by Rank Colleges of Science, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, and College of Arts and Humanities (Percent) 120. 0 No=760 COS & Eng Male= 344 Female=128 CAH Male=152 Female=136 100. 0 80. 0 60. 0 COS&ENG-Female % COS&ENG-Male % CAH-Female % 40. 0 CAH-Male % 20. 0 to ist ra cia ty cu l Fa io ru ct Ad na m l. S in pe so As st In r lis t te cia ist ch ar se Re ho Sc te As so c ia Pr og ra la r m Di /S cie re nt ct or In sis ta As ia so c As nt re ct u te Le st In te cia so r r uc to er ur ct Le ct o r As nt ta ru of es Pr As sis te cia In st so r so of es Pr As so r 0. 0

Gender Inequities • Authors Mary Ann Mason, Nicholas H. Wolfinger and Marc Goulden, Do Babies Matter? Gender and Family in the Ivory Tower (2013) found that women chose instructorships or adjunct work to take “timeouts” from work when family-friendly leave policies were not established at an institution. Source: Do Babies Matter?

Age Group Categories: College of Sciences College of Engineering and Computer Science College of Arts and Humanities No. =770 Age Group Number of Faculty 21 -30 30 31 -40 169 41 -50 212 51 -60 209 61+ 150 Current distribution of age groups, fall 2014

Why have a Family Leave Policy? : Retention and Productivity Growth • Improve life of families at UCF. • Family Benefits Funding package: State schools consider it part of faculty retention and productivity program. • “Nationally, one study found that 94 percent of leave takers who received full pay during family leave returned to the same employer, compared to 76 percent of employees who took unpaid leave. ” • “In a study on productivity growth in 19 OECD countries from 1979 -2003 found that PPL had a significantly greater positive effect on productivity than unpaid leave. Instituting 15 weeks of paid maternity leave would increase multifactor productivity by 1. 1%. “

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