Fall Semester World History Final Exam Study Guide

Fall Semester World History Final Exam Study Guide • • • • Ancient River Valley Civilizations The _______is considered the turning point in history because permanent settlements developed into river valleys _______examined artifacts at archeological digs to recreate early peoples cultural behavior During Neolithic times, the development of farming brought about the establishment of ___________was Mesopotamia’s first uniform code of laws _______ and ______ were both early forms of writing ____ is a form of government based on the belief that the ruler is a god The Egyptians kept track of time between floods and planting season with a ______ The _____ are credited with the inventions of the sail, wheel, arch, number system based on 60 and complex irrigation _______is the process of a new idea or a product spreading from one culture to another The spring monsoon brought rain to water the crops in _________ and ______had well organized governments as seen from the evidence found by archeologist such as uniform bricks, plumbing and a grid system. The _____is the God-given right to rule The ______dynasty justified their overthrow of the _____dynasty by claiming the gods had given them the Mandate of Heaven • • • • • • • Ancient Middle East The _______ were the most feared and hated in the ancient world _____ was the Persian ruler that allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild the temple The ______ military was a greatly organized and deadly fighting force ____ is a complex religion that evolved from a blend of Aryan and Indus Valley beliefs _______ is the Hindu belief that what happens to a person in this life depends on their actions in a previous life _____left his royal position in Nepal in search of enlightenment _______ is the Buddhist word for the release from all selfishness and pain On the ____the Indians discovered they could profit by acting as middlemen The purpose of the ________was to prevent invaders from entering China The _____was a caravan route that crossed central Asia, introducing silk from China to Western Asia and on to the Roman Empire The Chinese were the first civilization to develop a civil_____, invented gunpowder and manufactured porcelain The two Buddhist sects are ______ and _______ • • • • • Greece & Rome The ____ Sea contributed the most to the spread of ancient Greek culture Because of the rugged geography the Greeks developed into separate, independent _____ People voting directing for their leaders today in the US system was modeled after ____democracy Sparta’s government was ruled by a small group of powerful people in an ____ The Greeks worshipped a family of _____ The culture of the Greeks is the foundation of _____ After the death of Alexander the Great the ____ culture emerged which is a blend of Persian, Indian, Greek and Egypt. A ____ is a political system where the power rest with the citizens, who have the right to vote and select their leaders Roman concepts of ______ and _____law impact Western Civilizations in equal treatment under the law Under the rule of ____, Rome entered a 200 year period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana The ____ system of justice was considered a milestone because it served as a model for many later European legal systems The central location of _______ on the peninsula contributed to Roman control of the Mediterranean and influenced the development of the Roman Empire Rome fell because of _______ invasions, it became too big to control and many _____were corrupt A period of ______ and weak central government was an immediate result of the fall of the Roman Empire Olympic games, the poems of Homer and Hellenistic culture associated with the ____ The Roman Empire differed from the Roman ______ because the political power was primarily held by one person during the Roman Empire. Meso- American/Pre-Columbian The first major civilization of Meso-America were the ______ The Aztec, Mayan and Incans were all _______ A major difference between the Pre-Columbian civilization and the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia is that the pre. Columbians did not develop in ________ was a resource used by the Aztecs to make razor sharp weapons The Aztec, Maya and Inca adapted to their environment with creative _____ The _____, which is the tax that the Incan state placed on its people, is also known as a tribute of labor The Maya based their _______ on careful observation of the planets, sun and moon The Aztecs joined with ______ and ______ to form the Triple Alliance The Incan system of government was similar to ____ The Mayans declined hundreds of years before the arrival of the ____ The Inca added territory to their empire through ______and _______. The ______ were resented by conquered provinces because they used them for human sacrifice The Aztec and Mayan flourished prior to European contact and this is evident through their ______ and writing system ____ was the feathered serpent God worshipped by the Aztecs, Mayans and Toltec. The technology of the _______ conquistadors was a major reason for the end of the Aztec Empire The decline of the ______ Empire can be traced to a struggle between rivals for the Incan throne The totem pole was a symbol of _______

• • • • • • Islam The world Islam means submission to the will of _____ Islam was _____ Muslims pray ___ times a day Muslims needing to know the precise direction of ____ during mandatory prayer lead to the advancement in astronomy _______ is the system of law regulates the family life, moral conduct and the business and community life of Muslims The Muslims considered the ____ and “people of the book” During the _______of Islam there was toleration of several other religions Since ____ and _____ worshipped the same God as the Muslims, the caliphs allowed them to live in self-governing communities and had to pay a special tax The _______in Baghdad was where scientific and philosophical texts were translated into Arabic Muslim ____ preferred experiments in the laboratory setting The Golden Age of Islam was best known for advances in _____, science and _____ was the style of writing used to record Islamic scripture in the ______ Middle Ages and Crusades A major effect of the decline of the _______ Empire was that Western Europe entered a period of chaos and disorder ____ is the political system that developed in Western Europe, which provided the framework that allowed the people to survive the breakdown of central government and order The development of _______ and _____ filled a void that was created by the loss of the Roman imperial protection The ______was considered a pandemic because is spread to areas on separate continents A major goal of the _____ Church during the _______ was the capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers Under feudalism, relationships among groups of people were clearly defined by ______ among social classes because a weak national government lacked the ability to The most significant effect of the _____ was the increased trade between Europe and Asia An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the increased tension between the ______ and ______ The motivation behind the ____’ desire to force King John to sign the Magna Carta was “no taxation without consent” • • • • • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How to prepare for the final Start looking over the review sheet now…don’t wait until the last minute Underline key words that will help you remember the information Start with the information you don’t remember (the early chapters) Get a good night sleep and eat breakfast Relax when you take the test…. YOU KNOW THIS STUFF!!!! • • Byzantines & Mongols ____ undertook massive building projects such as the Hagia Sophia, re-conquered most of the western half of the former Roman Empire and codified Roman law In the Byzantine Empire, one important feature of life was the development of _______ Christianity The Byzantine civilization preserved _____ and _____ learning and passed it on to western and eastern Europe The ______ Code compiled during the time of the Byzantine Empire, served to preserve Roman legal principles and practices ____ became the center of the Byzantine Empire because it was located at the crossroads of Europe and Asia The early Russian civilization adopted aspects of religion, the _______ alphabet and different styles of art and architecture through contact with _____ from the Byzantine Empire _____and the Byzantine Empire differed because the Byzantine Empire maintained a centralized government while _______broke apart into local political units Orthodox Christianity spread from the Byzantine Empire to early ______ The Byzantine Empire did not experience the conflicts between the _____ and the ____ that were common in medieval Europe because the Byzantine Emperor played a direct role in the administration of the _____ The Byzantine Empire influenced the development of Russia and eastern Europe because many early settlements were located on trade routes between the _____and the _______ Membership in a Mongol clan was determined by a member’s claim of a ____ The advantage that horsemanship and the ______ gave the Mongols was it gave them better stability and versatility The result of the _____ on Mongol controlled lands was it led to regional stability and increased trade on the Silk Road From 1200 -1350 the Mongol Empire ruled peoples from _____, Russia, eastern Europe and ______, which demonstrated that diversity was an important characteristic of the Mongol Empire The Mongol empire allowed the people who lived in Russia and much of Asia in the late 1200 s the ability to _____ and _____ from one end of the empire to the other Isolating ______ from Western Europe was the most significant role the Mongols played in ______ history during the early Renaissance ____was the first leader to unite all the Mongol clans under a single leader ______favored the Mongols and foreigners for government post because he believed that had no local loyalties Immediately following the death of Genghis Khan, the Mongol empire was divided into _ ________ was sacked and obliterated by the Mongols in 1258 The major effect of the destruction of Baghdad was the ______ began to decline