FAIRCBMTOF Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR

FAIR与CBM-TOF介绍 Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) • • 最新高科技加速器群 强子物理；天体物理；放射性束流物理；高重子密度物理 (CBM) 初�束 流 • 1012/s; 1. 5 Ge. V/u; 238 U 28+ • 1010/s; up to 35 Ge. V/u; 238 U 73+ • 3 x 1013/s; 30 Ge. V protons • • 次� 束 流 range of radioactive beams up to 1. 5 - 2 Ge. V/u; up to factor 10 000 higher in intensity than presently antiprotons 3 - 30 Ge. V 提取的束流 强度：每秒 109个金离子 冷却�存 � radioactive beams 1011 antiprotons 1. 5 - 15 Ge. V/c, stored and cooled 2016/08/25 FAIR�划 2022年出束流，耗�～ € 15� 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 3

低电阻率玻璃MRPC的研制 Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) 多气隙�阻板室 MRPC典型�构 MRPC典型参数： Resistivity of glass: ~1012 Ω. cm Working gas: 90% Freon+5% isobutane+5% SF 6 Time resolution < 100 ps Efficiency > 95% Charge: a few p. C Dark current: a few n. A Noise ~ 1 Hz/cm 2 Rate < 100 Hz/cm 2 Large area, low cost MRPC的�用： • 核物理与高能物理�� (�行��探�器： ALICE，STAR，FOPI，BES III) • ��用 (μ子成像技� ) • 医学�用 (TOF-PET) 2016/08/25 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 6

Strip型MRPC阻抗�� c 1 connectors c 2 100Ω cable 50Ω cable DSA 8300 TDR module Strip MRPC 2016/08/25 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 13

GSI 2014年 10月束流测试 ��系�装置： Buc-2013 THU-Pad Particle Trajectory Buc-Ref Particle Trajectory PMT THU-Strip HD-P 2 HD-Ref Parti c Traje le ctory GSI 2014年 10月束流�� 1. 1 Ge. V 152 Sm 粒子束 打 0. 3 mm/4 mm/5 mm Pb 靶 粒子通量： 几百 Hz/cm 2 2016/08/25 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 15

Strip型MRPC GSI 2014结果 分析步�： • Init_calib. sh (Initial calibration) • Iter_calib. sh (Iterative calibration) • iteration procedure: 1 -6 -8 -2 -10 • Iter_hits. sh (Analysis) • analysis correction procedure: 1 -2 -3 -4 -1 分析参数�定 ： 下部��装置 : Diamond THU-Strip HD-Ref Particle Trajectory BRef: ��所有探� 器�某一个事例 的起始��。 2016/08/25 Dut: 被�探� 器。 ��数据��条件： Cut 1 tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Mul 4 Max(1. ); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Ch 4 Sel(8. ); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. DCh 4 Sel(7. ); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Pos. Y 4 Sel(0. 5); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Mul. DMax(1. ); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. DTDia(0. ); MRef: 参考探�器。 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 19

Strip型MRPC GSI 2014结果 ��数据： Run Sun 1205 – 5500 V 探�效率 : 97%左右 Threshold 不同PADI��下的分析� 果 Efficiency Time Resolution Cluster Size 170 m. V 97. 0% 71. 6 ps 1. 7 180 m. V 97. 0% 68. 9 ps 1. 7 190 m. V 97. 0% 71. 0 ps 1. 6 200 m. V 96. 7% 68. 9 ps 1. 6 2016/08/25 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 ��分辨 : 70 ps左右 21

未来计划 CBM“STAR”module CBM-TOF未来�划： 2016：开始大�模生� CBM-TOF module，并运 送其中一个到STAR@RHIC@BNL 2017：参加STAR Run 17�行�合�� 2018：运送全部 36 module到BNL并�行 e. TOF安 装�� 2019：Beam Energy Scan phase II 2020：拆除所有module与装置并运回FAIR STAR e. TOF 3 layers 12 sectors 36 modules 6912 channels 2016/08/25 中国物理学会高能物理分会第十二届全国粒子物理学术会议 Beam energy： 25 AGe. V； Interaction rate： 10 k. Hz； Fix target position： 4. 8 m； Particle flux： < 45 Hz/cm 2 5

Appendix：GSI Oct 2014 Slewing method: Time walk correction: T-Tsel should be independent to TOT, thus we should see a flat line after correction. A calibration method used in STAR, RHIC; Introduce a equation to fit the mean value of each bin: Use the fitting value to substitute the average value in each bin. Average value of all hits in each bin T-TSel TOT Original correction method: For each bin, the average time difference to Tsel of all hits is calculated. Difference between this value and the mean T-Tsel of all hits in all bins is the correction value. T-TSel TOT 29

Appendix：GSI Oct 2014 Modified result after slewing method in walk correction for Oct 2014 data: Code of slewing method are modified into relevant macros based on the CBM Root. Efficiency about the same Original correction Slewing owns better resolution Slewing correction A little better 30

Appendix：SPS Feb 2015 Experimental Setup: THU-Strip USTC HD-Ref HD-P 2 BEAM Up setting PMT Down setting BEAM High rate test in February 2015 at SPS CERN 13 Ge. V Ar beam Flux rate around 1 k. Hz/cm 2 Buc-2013 THU-Pad Buc-Ref 31

Appendix：SPS Feb 2015 Upper part of Setup: HD-P 2 THU-Strip USTC Run: 01 Mar 2217 – 5500 V/190 m. V HD-Ref BEAM The diamond is no longer used, another counter should work as Bref. Among all the combinations, the best setting is: MRef Dut BRef Efficiency: 0. 971 of 4559 events, Time res: 103. 6 ps, Clu. Size 1. 6, 2. 1 32

Appendix：SPS Feb 2015 Cut Selection: Cut 93 tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Dut(9); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Mrpc. Ref(3); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Ch 4 Sel(16. 5); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. DCh 4 Sel(16. ); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Pos. Y 4 Sel(0. 3); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Chi 2 Lim(10. ); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Sel 2 TOff(-170. ); Analysis Procedure: • Init_calib. sh (Initial calibration) • Iter_calib. sh (Iterative calibration) • iteration procedure: 1 -6 -8 -2 -10 • Iter_hits. sh (Analysis) • analysis correction procedure: 1 -2 -3 -4 -1 Set. Pos. Y 4 Sel(x) —— Y Position selection in fraction of strip length Set. Chi 2 Lim(x) —— initialization of Chi 2 selection limit Set. Chi 2 Lim Set. Pos. Y 4 Sel Efficiency Resolution Cluster Size 6 98. 4% 108. 4 ps 1. 6 10 98. 3% 96. 0 ps 1. 6 12 98. 2% 96. 8 ps 1. 6 15 98. 1% 98. 3 1. 6 50 98. 0% 110. 3 1. 6 When the cut is set to: tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Pos. Y 4 Sel(0. 3); tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Chi 2 Lim(10. ); We can get the best results. Efficiency Resolution Cluster Size 1 97. 9 % 98. 6 ps 1. 6 0. 5 97. 9% 98. 5 ps 1. 6 0. 3 98. 3% 96. 0 ps 1. 6 Time velocity correlation result for Run 01 Mar 1126 -5500 V /190 m. V 33

Appendix：SPS Feb 2015 February resolution higher than October, probably two reasons: • Flux rate is higher. • Diamond is eliminated from the analysis, distance between Dut/Mref and Bref is closer, and velocity correction can’t be effective enough. Tracking Feb 2015 Correct efficiency and calibrate time and space for hits in Dut. Oct 2014 Developed by Nobert Herrmann Tracking setup: tof. Find. Tracks->Set. Min. Nof. Hits(2); tof. Find. Tracks->Set. NStations(3); tof. Find. Tracks->Set. Stations(374); 34

Appendix：SPS Feb 2015 February resolution higher than October, probably two reasons: • Flux rate is higher. • Diamond is eliminated from the analysis, distance between Dut/Mref and Bref is closer, and velocity correction can’t be effective enough. Tracking Feb 2015 Correct efficiency and calibrate time and space for hits in Dut. Oct 2014 Developed by Nobert Herrmann Tracking setup: tof. Find. Tracks->Set. Min. Nof. Hits(2); tof. Find. Tracks->Set. NStations(3); tof. Find. Tracks->Set. Stations(374); 35

Appendix：SPS Feb 2015 Rate information: Analysis under different flux rate: Flux rate at THU Strip counter: around 1 k. Hz/cm 2 We analyze several runs at different flux rates and find the counter’s performance according to the rate: Run name Rate Efficiency Resolution Cluster 01 Mar 1126 200 98. 3% 87. 2 ps 1. 6 03 Mar 0607 300 97. 5% 82. 4 ps 1. 6 03 Mar 0646 600 97. 3% 79. 1 ps 1. 6 04 Mar 0425 900 98. 4% 84. 9 ps 1. 6 The rate unit is Hz/cm 2 Efficiency: Around 98% Two runs of less events Tracking method has done a lot benefit to resolution. 36

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Beam Test Setup: STARBox 1 STARBox 2 STARBox 3 HD-P 2 Upper setting Particle Trajectory HD-P 5 Lower setting Beam time in November 2015 at SPS 30 Ge. V Pb beam on 1 mm/2 mm/3 mm Pb target Flux rate several thousand Hz/cm 2 Particle Trajectory TSUBuc. Pad 2015 Buc 2012 Buc. Ref 37

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Analysis Setting: Upper part of setup: Analysis Procedure: • Init_calib. sh (Initial calibration) • Iter_calib. sh (Iterative calibration), calibration mode: 920921 • Iter_hits. sh (Analysis) STAR-Box 1 STAR-Box 2 STAR-Box 3 HD-P 2 Cut Selection: almost no cuts tof. Ana. Testbeam->Set. Chi 2 Lim(3); HD-P 5 Diamond Particle Trajectory 400 901 910 911 920 921 Sel 2: Ensure hits for Dut and Ref. Dut: Counter under test. Ref: Reference measure for Dut. BRef: Starting counter for events. 300 Code Counter 300 HD-P 2 910 USTC-DSU 400 HD-P 5 911 TSU-SU 900 USTC-SSS 920 TSU-DS 901 USTC-SSU 921 TSU-DU All possible combinations of counters in up setup can be analyzed. To characterize a setup, all 4 numbers Dut, Ref, Sel 2 and BRef need to be specified. 38

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Run: 01 Dec 0427: Dut: 921(5. 6 k. V/400 m. V); Ref: 920(8. 5 k. V/200 m. V); Sel 2: Diamond; Calibration mode: 920921. Cluster position Beam gradient Clustersize spectrum TOT spectrum Uniform 39

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Run: 01 Dec 0427: Dut: 921(5. 6 k. V/400 m. V); Ref: 920(8. 5 k. V/200 m. V); Sel 2: Diamond; Calibration mode: 920921. Cluster position Blob caused by trigger Cluster position Beam gradient Clustersize spectrum TOT spectrum Uniform 40

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Run: 01 Dec 0427: Dut: 921(5. 6 k. V/400 m. V); Ref: 920(8. 5 k. V/200 m. V); Sel 2: 400(5. 6 k. V/350 m. V). Position correlation Time-walk correction Velocity correction Time resolution 41

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Dut: 901 Float Glass. Time in Spill: 6 s Dut: 921 Low-resistive Glass. Efficiency Decrease Maintain Time Res Maintain 42

Appendix：SPS Nov 2015 Efficiency: Time Resolution: 43