FAD Simon J Kenyon Ross University FAD Myths

FAD Simon J. Kenyon Ross University

FAD Myths • FADs are a problem for large animal veterinarians • FADs look like the pictures • USDA/APHIS/VS doesn’t like false alarms • It can’t happen to me

Jul Dec 2009 Jan Jun 2010

WHO 2003 -9: "An influenza pandemic occurs when a new influenza virus appears against which the human population has no immunity, resulting in epidemics worldwide with enormous numbers of deaths and illness“ WHO 2010: "An influenza pandemic may occur when a new influenza virus appears against which the human population has no immunity" CDC 1997: "The hallmark of pandemic influenza is excess mortality" CDC: "There are some pandemics that look very much like a bad flu season"

Mass. Live. com

Some recent cases • Screwworm, Sept 2007, Mississippi • Avian Influenza HPAI, 2004 - H 5 N 2 Texas, H 7 N 3 British Columbia • Exotic Newcastle Disease 2003 – California, Texas • BSE, 2003 - 2007 – imported and US bred cattle • Monkey Pox, multi-state, June 2003 • Bluetongue – Montana, Wyoming 2007

Monkey Pox • Imported Gambian Giant Rat • Prairie Dogs • Humans

Screwworm Image from “The Gray Book”, University of Georgia

Screwworm - Third instar larvae, Cochliomyia hominivorax

Recent Outbreaks • Exotic Newcastle Disease – California, Texas etc Sept. 2003

Opportunities for Veterinarians • Initial Accreditation Training Course • USDA/APHIS/VS and State Animal Health Depts. • Animal Surveillance Emergency Response Teams (ASERT) • Purdue’s Graduate Certificate Program in Veterinary Homeland Security

www. EDEN. lsu. edu

FMD - Cattle

Vesicles or blisters on tongue, dental pad, or teats

FMD

Hogs and other species – vesicles on coronary band

Hog - Vesicle on snout

Clinical Comparisons: Snouts • Swine Vesicular Disease • Vesicular Stomatitis • Foot and Mouth Disease • Vesicular Exanthema

FMD

Swine Vesicular Disease

Sheep – disease may be very mild

Diff. Diagnosis of Vesicular Dis. Cattle Sheep Swine Horse FMD S S S R Vesicular stomatitis S S Vesicular Exanthema of Swine R R Swine Vesicular Disease R R S R

Airborne Spread? “O Lausanne 1965”

National Animal Health Laboratories Network (NAHLN) 2003

Proposed Biosafety Level 4 sites • Flora, Mississippi • Athens, Georgia Manhattan, Kansas • San Antonio, Texas • Butner, North Carolina

African Horse Sickness

African Horse Sickness

African Horse Sickness

African Horse Sickness

African Horse Sickness

Avian Influenza

Avian influenza • Natural Host: Waterfowl (ducks, geese etc. ) • Domestic species affected – Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, guinea fowl, quail and pheasant – Some pet birds Low Pathogenicity (LPAI) High Pathogenicity (HPAI)

Symptoms of HPAI • A lot of birds affected – Dead birds – Very sick birds – Coughing and sneezing – Swollen combs and wattles – Discolored and swollen joints – Diarrhea

Avian Influenza

Avian Influenza Cyanotic Comb

VVND Edema and hemorrhage of the head esp. eyelids

VVND Hemorrhages in proventriculus

VVND Necrosis of cecal tonsil and Peyer’s patches

African Swine Fever Reddening of ears and skin (non-specific)

African Swine Fever Enlarged dark red or black spleen. Note kidney

African Swine Fever Hemorrhagic gastro-hepatic lymph nodes

African Swine Fever Enlarged, hemorrhagic peri-renal lymph nodes

Hog Cholera Conjunctivitis and exudate at medial canthus

Hog Cholera Tonsillar necrosis

Hog Cholera Splenic infarcts

Hog Cholera Petechial hemorrhages in renal cortex

Rinderpest

BVD

EHD in a cow

Rinderpest Necrosis of Peyer’s patches

Rinderpest Zebra stripe hemorrhages of colonic mucosa

Peste des Petits Ruminants Zebra stripe hemorrhages of colonic mucosa - goat

Stomatitis-Enteritis Case Definition Ocular Discharge Nasal Discharge And Fever Oral Erosions/Lesions Salivation Corneal Opacity Diarrhea Death Outbreaks of contagious disease exhibiting discharge (ocular and nasal) and any two of the above-mentioned symptoms should be reported as stomatitis-enteritis outbreaks. Note that it is the outbreak that must meet the case definition, not individual animals. The stomatitis-enteritis case definition is used to ensure that all case that could be Rinderpest are investigated

How to Do the Gel Diffusion Test for Rinderpest

Bluetongue EHD

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Malignant Catarrhal Fever

Cutaneous lymphosarcoma

Lumpy Skin Disease

Lumpy skin disease massive lymphadenopathy and edema of the forelimb is common

Lumpy Skin Disease

Sheep pox lesions on underside of tail of a sheep From: The Gray Book

Recovered case of lumpy skin disease. The scars are called “sitfasts”