Faculty of Science Geology Department Applied Geology Engineering

ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻠﺮﺤﻤﻦ ﺍﻠﺮﺤﯿﻢ Faculty of Science Geology Department Applied Geology (Engineering Geology) Dr. Eng. Geo. Hesham A. H. Ismaiel

Introduction and Definition • Geology: Earth Science 1 - Principal Branches. General Geology, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Petrology, Mineralogy, Structural Geology, Mapping, Sedimentary Environments, 2 - Applied Branches. Engineering Geology, Environmental Geology, Economic Geology, Mining, Hydrogeology.

Introduction and Definition • Definition: The science of Geology is concerned with the earth (its origin and composition) and the rocks of which it is composed, the processes by which they were formed during geological time, and the modeling of the earth, s surface in the past and at the present day.

Introduction and Definition • Definition: Egineering Geology is the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of the engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of interaction between geology and the works and activities of man as well as to the prediction of and the development of measures for prevention or remedition of geological hazards (Statues of the International Association of Engineering Geology).

History of Engineering Geology • At the technical university in Prague, Dr. J. Krejci was appointed professor of Geology in 1864, Switzerland. • In 1925, USA. • After the second world war in Freiburg, Germany.

Position of Engineering Geology as subbranch of Geotechnic: Rock Engineering Foundation Eng. Excavation Eng. Geotechnic Engineering Geology Rock Mechanic Soil Mechanic

Engineering Geology at the border between Geolog and Engineering

Training of Engineering Geologist and Engineer: • Eng. Geologist needs to know more informations about Engineering tasks and terminology, also about mathematics, soil and rock mechanics, drilling technics, tunnel engineering, water engineering, …. • Engineer needs to know more informations about earth science tasks and geological terminology, also about natural science.

Differences between Geology and Engineering Geology: There are three main differences between Geology and Engineering Geology: 1 - Scope 2 - Depth 3 - Area

Engineering Geology and Geological Engineering: • Geologist Engineering Geologist „Engineering Geology“ • Engneer Geotechnical (geological) Engineer „ Geological Engineering “ „Geology for Engineers“

Other Geological and Engineering Sciences related to Engineering Geology • Structural geology, Remote Sensing, Mineralogy, Petrology, Geomorphology, Sedimentation, Environmental Geology, Stratigraphy, Glaciation, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Hydrogeology, Petrolium Geology, Mining Geology, • Soil and Rock Mechanics, Fluid Mechanics, Pedology, Meteorology.

Role of Engineering Geologist: 1 - Before construction (Planning stage, exploration), „Economic Factor“ Finding suitable site for the project to avoid hazards of landslide and faults, to understand soil and rock type and its mechanical behavior, to understand the ground water model (water table & Movement), lab. and field sampling and testing of soil and rocks. 2 - During construction to solve any problems. 3 - After construction.

Organisations of Engineering Geology • International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG). • German geological socity for engineering technics (DGGT, Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft für Bauingenieurtechnik).

Standard Specifications • Egyptian Code • DIN (Deutsche Institut für Normen) German Institute for specifications. • ASTM (American Socity for Testing Materials). • ISRM (International Socity of Rock Mechanic)

Overview about the main subjects: • Introduction, Definition, History, Scope of Geology and Engineering Geology. • Origin of the earth & Continental Crust. • Crystals, Minerals and Rocks. • Surface Processes (Weathering & Erosion) • Geological Structures (Joints, Faults, Folds) • Exploration (Direct & Indirect {Geophysical Methods}). • Earthquakes. • Terminology, Description, and Engineering Classification of both Soil and Rocks.

• Classification of Rock mass & Measuring of Rock mass Stresses. • Ground water related soil and rock foundation (Porosity, Permeability, Flow, Hydraulic Gradient, …) • Slope Stability (Safety & Anchors). • Engineering Geology and Construction (open excavation, tunnels, foundations of buildings, dams). • Building Materials. • Improvement and treatment of the problematic soil.

References: 1 - Geotechnical Engineering, RENATO, 1995. 2 - Engineering Geology, FRED G BELL, 1995. 3 - Engineering Geology, Laboratory manual, 1994. 4 - Practical Handbook for Underground Rock Mechanics, T. R. Stacey, 1986. 5 - Engineering Geology, Rock in construction, 1993. 6 - A Geology for Engineers, Blyth, 1984. 7 - Engineering Geology, Quid Z. , 1976. ﻣﻘﺪﺎﺪ. ﺍﻠﺠﻴﻮﻠﻮﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻠﻬﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺔ 8 • . ﻣﺤﻲ ﺍﻠﺪﻴﻦ. ﺍﻠﺠﻴﻮﻬﻨﺪ ﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ 9 •