FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN CYCLING Bogota Colombia Laura Daniela

FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN CYCLING Bogota, Colombia Laura Daniela Gutierrez Tocasuche Natalia Pintor Pardo Mauricio Orozco-Fontalvo*

In recent years Bogotá, Colombia have experienced significant growth in the use of bicycles. Between 2016 and 2018 the use of bicycles increased by 18%. INTRODUCTIO N There is a huge gender gap towards cycling, with 76. 6% of the users being men and 23. 4% women. This study was done in order to find the reasons why women do not use the bicycle as a means of transport and to be able to suggest some possible solutions for more inclusive mobility.

METHODOLOG Y i Literature review ii Field studies • Manual bicycle count. Security elements, infractions and infrastructure were counted iii Surveys • Sample size: n=504 where 252 were women and 252 men • Revealed preferences - stated preferences (image -based) • Fractional factorial design (N-Gene) • 4 blocks with 9 scenarios each for a total of 36 different scenarios (4536 observations) • Each respondent answered the question “Would you use the bicycle in this scenario? ” • To analyze the results a binary logit model was estimated

• Low SOCIOECONOMIC • Medium - CONDITIONS • High 1 CLIMATE • Night Poor • Night Good • Day LIGHTING VEHICULAR - PEDESTRIAN FLOW INFRASTRUCTUR E • • • Rainy • No rain • Heavy traffic • Mixed traffic • Light traffic Bike lane (painted) Without bike lane Segregated bikeway Bike lane in the sidewalk

Figure 1. Example of the scenario with the variables: without rain, medium SC, night, bike lane and heavy traffic. 2 Figure 2. Example of the scenario with the variables: rainy, high SC, day, bikeway in the sidewalk and heavy traffic (pedestrian). Figure 3. Example of the scenario with the variables: without rain, low SC, day, bike lane and light traffic.

Graphic 1. RESULTS Safety elements Graphic 2. Road scenarios

Graphic 3. RESULTS Reasons to use the bicycle Graphic 4. Reasons for not using the bicycle

MODE L Name Value Std err t-test ASCA Low SC Bikeway on the sidewalk Bike lane Without rain Night 0 0. 984 0. 293 3. 35 Rob. Std err ---fixed--0. 00 0. 293 Rob. Ttest Rob. Pval 3. 35 0. 00 -1. 09 0. 293 -3. 73 0. 00 0. 994 0. 449 2. 21 0. 03 0. 33 0. 174 1. 9 0. 06 -1. 50 0. 206 -7. 31 0. 00 Light traffic 0. 671 0. 342 1. 96 0. 05 p-val * Table 1. Women model Name Value Std err t-test ASCA 0 Good lighting 0. 600 0. 153 Roadway 0. 000186 0. 00583 Rainy -0. 781 0. 139 Light traffic 0. 625 0. 186 3. 93 0. 03 -5. 61 3. 36 Rob. Std Rob. Terr test ---fixed--0. 00 0. 156 3. 86 0. 97 * 0. 00588 0. 03 0. 00 0. 138 -5. 66 0. 00 0. 182 3. 44 p-val Table 2. Men model Rob. P val 0. 00 0. 97 * 0. 00 *

Women prefer to use segregated bike lanes than those on the sidewalk, as there is no conflicts with pedestrians and less probability to be harassed or robbed. CONCLUSIONS Modelling results show that insecurity and inadequate infrastructure are the main factors for using the bicycle for daily commute. In-field counts showed the number of women riding a bike started to drop when night was coming. Users are more likely to ride a bike at night if good lighting is provided. In the area studied, both women and men use bicycles to take their children to school, but they don’t have any additional chair or element to take the children to school, so they use the crossbar, which makes it a road safety issue.

RECOMMENDATIO NS When planning urban transport, the preferences of different users should be taken into account for the design and operation of the project, in this case, women. As proved by the models, bike lanes on sidewalks should not be implemented, marked and segregated bike lanes are a better alternative. One reason for not using a bike was “I don´t have”, so a public bike sharing system should be implemented. This reason was reported more by women than men. Is necessary to increase research focused on this topic, generating awareness of the existence and importance of this type of issues in urban planning, in order to implement actions on the part of the State and society.

THANK YOU! Any questions? Mauricio. Orozco@unimilitar. edu. co