Factories Manufacturing Industry Agriculture Crops Farming Name Date

Factories, Manufacturing, Industry Agriculture, Crops, Farming

Name ____________ Date _______ Pd. ______ Transportation Revolution – Ch. 12 sec. 3 Answer questions 1 -14. Transportation Revolution 1. Why do you think that the Transportation Revolution was inevitable (consider the concept of the Industrial Revolution in your answer)? Many new goods were being produced, quickly – now you need to get them to the customer (across waterways and across land) America was growing westward, goods were needed to build and survive in the new West, the West provided a new market for companies to sell to, now there was a need to deliver the goods Improvements in transportation enabled… 2. GOODS 3. PEOPLE to travel rapidly and efficiently. 5. What two new modes of transportation largely contributed to the Transportation Revolution? Railroads (steam powered) Steamboats 4. INFORMATION

Steamboat Era 6. Who is Robert Fulton? American steamboat designer; helped design the first commercial steamboat – The Clermont 7. What was the Clermont and its significance? First full sized steamboat (1807), traveled up the Hudson Riv. ; allowed for increased trade and profits – moved goods quicker 7, 500 steamboats in use by 1840 – moved people, goods, and information across the Atlantic, up and down the Miss. Riv. , etc. 8. Steamboats enhanced travel and communication throughout the United States. New cities and towns cropped up along waterways across the US. How did those people and goods then travel across land? Development of railroads American Rail 9. What physical obstacles did railroad construction in the United States face? Mountains, rivers, sharp curves, steep inclines 10. In what ways did railroads affect the economy of the United States? Allowed goods to reach new and growing markets Allowed the U. S. to expand Allowed regions of the U. S. to develop a strength in a particular market (N – industry, S – farming, W – natural resources) – promoted those regions to trade with each other, strengthening the U. S. economy Connected major cities throughout the U. S. (NE) Expanded U. S. borders and led to pop. growth near railroad junctions 11. Steamboats and railroads made getting goods to distant markets much easier and less costly. People in all areas of the nation now had access to products made and grown far away. More than ever before, there was a national economy. The wealth, however, was centered in the NORTHEAST (directional part of the country). 12. Explain what shift occurred with respect to certain natural resources. . (Name the natural resources and why the shift occurred. ) Increase in the demand for wood to power steamboats and trains Then a shift from wood to coal to power steamboats and trains; increasing the mining industry 13. How were the railroad and steel industries interrelated? Steel was used to make factories , machines, equipment and railroads (and trains) As rail travel expanded – better/stronger rail was needed (steel much stronger than iron) Steel was used to make new farming equipment - the new equipment was delivered by railroads 14. How were trade and business affected by the Transportation Revolution? Goods could be sent to new markets to sell Transportation encouraged Americans to spread out because they could get all the goods they needed/wanted now (consumers and businesses were happy)