Factor Analysis Theory Charles Spearman found positive correlations

Factor Analysis Theory ü Charles Spearman found positive correlations between scores measuring different cognitive tasks. Verbal comprehension, math, etc. . ü In other words, if you performed poorly on a math test, you would also perform poorly on a writing and reading test ü Spearman concluded that this indicates a general intelligence factor (“G-factor”)

Louis Thurstone • Like Spearman, Thurstone used factor analysis to test his subjects • Unlike Spearman, he concluded that there was no general intelligence or G-Factor • It was possible to possess different cognitive strengths & weaknesses. • Primary Mental Abilities: word fluency, verbal comp. , numerical calc. , associative memory

Robert Sternberg • Psych. Faculty at Yale University • Creator of Triarchic Theory • Former APA President (2003)

"I define [intelligence] as your skill in achieving whatever it is you want to attain in your life within your sociocultural context by capitalizing on your strengths and compensating for, or correcting, your weaknesses. ” (July 29, 2004)

The Triarchic Theory I. Componential or Analytical Intelligence: verbal reasoning • Choose one word which means either the same as, or the opposite of, the word in CAPS: SOILED a)GARDEN b)CLEAN c)PLANT d)WALK

TRIARCHIC THEORY II. Experiential or Creative Intelligence: ability to solve problems in insightful ways (creativity or divergent thinking ability)

Triarchic Theory (cont. ) III. Contextual or Practical Intelligence: function in social situations (street smarts)

INTELLIGENCE Howard Gardner (director of Project Zero at Harvard University)

Multiple Intelligence Theory • Proposed by Howard Gardner (Harvard University) in 1983 • Like Thurstone and Sternberg, Gardner rejected the notion of a “G -factor” involving intelligence • Believed intelligences to be brain based through hemisphere dominance and neural connections which determine our strengths and weaknesses

Left Brain Right Brain • Math • Reading • Writing Verbal Comprehension • • Visual Arts Spatial Skills Creativity Emotional Intelligence

Multiple Intelligences • Verbal / Linguistic: think in words & language • Logical / Mathematical: analyze arguments and problem solve • Visual / Spatial: arranging objects and/or pictures • Musical: thinking in sounds or rhythms (lyrics)

• Kinesthetic: thinking through touch or movement manipulation • Interpersonal: social skills and group strengths • Intrapersonal: knowing well and exploring one’s own thoughts and feelings and motivations

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) • Proposed by Dr. Daniel Goleman, an American psychologist, in 1995 • Concerns the ability to manage one’s emotions • Determines one’s ability to socialize, get along with others, and maintain psychological health.

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) • Dr. Goleman’s EQ is closely tied in with Howard Gardner’s Intrapersonal & Interpersonal Intelligences as well as Dr. Sternberg’s Contextual Intelligence Level within his Triarchic Intelligence Theory. • High Emotional EQ is often associated with people who are great leaders and who are able to work well with diverse groups of people at all levels. • Problem solvers, not complainers.

Learning & Intelligence Quiz 1. A 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. A 21. A 22. D 23. A 24. A or D 25. D