F14 RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONS

F-14 RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE IN JUVENILE CORRECTIONS Embedding Research in a Large Scale Treatment Program Barry Burkhart, Ph. D. , ABPP - Auburn University Patrick Cook, M. S. - Auburn University Ray Sumrall, Ph. D. - University of Alabama

History • 1999 – Alabama State legislature mandated all juvenile sex offenders be treated. • Department of Youth Services (DYS) ill-equipped to respond to mandate. • Consortium between Auburn University Department of Psychology and University of Alabama Department of Social Work responded. Public-Public partnership founded.

History, continued • Best Practices Model –Required DYS to strive for excellence –Constant program evaluation and review • Empirical Foundation – Student Assessment (e. g. . , pre-treatment, posttreatment) -Program Assessment (e. g. , staff interventions, treatment components)

State of Alabama - Department of Youth Services Mt. Meigs Correctional Facility

Accountability Based Sexual Offender Program (ABSOP) Mt. Meigs Correctional Facility

Assessment Fundamentals 3 Fundamental Goals: • Rich and accurate clinical assessment to facilitate and focus treatment services • Serves as the foundation of a sound empirical database from which theoretical and practical assumptions can be measured • Allow for accurate and conceptually articulated assessment of outcomes

Comprehensive Assessment Protocol Pre-treatment Assessment Battery -Extensive multi-dimensional Clinical Interview (e. g. , adjudicating offense information, history of trauma/abuse/neglect, medical history, family, school/peers) -Intellectual Assessment -Achievement Assessment -Current/Past Psychopathology -Personality Assessment/Psychopathy -Actuarial Risk of Re-offense

Comprehensive Assessment Protocol, continued Post-Treatment Assessment Battery -Post Treatment Interview/Oral Examination -Actuarial Risk of Re-offending -Intelligence Assessment -Achievement Assessment -Personality Testing -Psychopathology -Therapist/Case Manager Ratings -Performance in Individual/Group Treatment -Overall Rating of “Success”

Offender Demographics - 772 Offenders (586 JSOs, 184 NJSOs) since 2000 - Avg. Age = 16. 01 Years (SD = 1. 53 Years); Avg. Grade = 8. 67 Grade (SD = 1. 99 Grade) - Racial composition: Caucasian (50. 7%), African American (46. 0%), Bi-racial (1. 7%), Hispanic (1. 0%), and “Other” (0. 6%) - Most frequent JSO charges: Sexual Abuse, 1 st Degree (30%), Sodomy, 1 st Degree (17. 6%), Rape, 1 st Degree (14%) and Sexual Misconduct (11. 3%) - Most frequent NJSO: Theft of Property (18. 3%), Burglary (13. 9%), and drug offenses (13. 8%).

Database Data has informed treatment and program decisions • Comparisons JSO vs. NJSO • Offender Types (cluster analysis) • Outcome Measures (Pre-Treatment/Posttreatment)

Comparisons JSO vs. NJSO • Are Juvenile sex offenders “different” compared to delinquent, non-sex offending peers? • Treatment/Program implications • Examined 716 offenders (N=554 JSOs, 162 NJSOs) • Personality, IQ, Achievement, psychopathy , psychopathology

JSO vs. NJSO Comparisons • The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI) Self-report inventory specifically designed to measure unique psychosocial concerns, personality styles, and clinical symptoms via a true-false format. • The Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) A semi-structured interview protocol is designed to assess 82 current and past symptoms related to 20 different diagnostic areas found within the DSM-IV. • Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV) Consists of a semi-structured interview and review of collateral information to measure interpersonal, affective, and behavioral features of psychopathy. • The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WASI) Uses the vocabulary, similarities, block design and matrix reasoning subtests similar to those of the WAIS to provide an estimate of full scale IQ. • The Wide Range Achievement Test-3 rd edition (WRAT-3) A brief achievement test measuring reading recognition, spelling, and arithmetic computation

Juvenile Sex Offender Clusters • Juvenile sexual offenders – heterogeneous • Victim selection (e. g. , peer-age, childmolester, mixed pattern) incomplete in providing useful treatment information • Empirically derived heterogeneous groups formed based on personality traits • Treatment/program implications

Clusters, contd. 440 Juvenile Sexual Offenders Five cluster solution based on MACI scores - Broadly Disturbed(N=42; 9. 5%) - Anxious/Submissive/Passive (N=171; 38. 9%) - Dysthymic/Shame/Negative Self-Image (N=94; 21. 4%) - Narcissistic Delinquent (N=83; 18. 8%) - Distressed Delinquent (N=50; 11. 4%)

Outcome Measures • Is treatment effective? • Comparison of Pre-treatment and Posttreatment measures • Personality Functioning • Actuarial Measure of Re-offending • Psychopathology

Iatrogenic Effects

Conclusion • Base line data critical/essential • Empirical evaluation of effectiveness • Need to be able/open to make changes informed, in part, by data.