F E PART II BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING A

F. E. PART – II BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING A PRESENTATION ON BUILDING PLANNING

BUILDING PLANNING l DEFINITION OF BUILDING: Building is a structure. It is a shelter of permanent nature. Used for human habitation and several other purposes. TYPES OF BUILDINGS: l PRIVATE BUILDINGS (RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS) l Bungalows, flats or apartments, dormitories, chawls, rest houses. l PUBLIC BUILDINGS l Offices, banks, hospitals, temples, cinema theatres etc. PLANNING – Pre-thinking and pre-arranging the things before an event takes place in order to get satisfactory results. l

BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… l BUILDING PLANNING: Art of designing functionally sound, convenient and also economically viable structure by skillfully arranging units of the building. l Simply constructing units/rooms of suitable dimensions will not produce comfortable, convenient and elegant structure.

BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… l The planning of various units should be such that itl Satisfies completely the functional requirements of the owner and user, l Takes into account the future growth and future requirements and l Is structurally stable. l The structure not only looks elegant, but also proves to be economical in the long run by making best use of surrounding environment and locally available materials. .

CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING l CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING – NOT A JOB OF SINGLE PERSON. l IT IS A TEAM WORK. l SEVERAL AGENCIES / PERSONNELS ARE INVOLVED – BUILDING INDUSTRY l BUILDING – A FINISHED PRODUCT OF BUILDING INDUSTRY

BUILDING / CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY l AGENCIES INVOLVED IN BUILDING INDUSTRY: l OWNER l ARCHITECT - Responsible for functional design l CONTRACTOR l SITE ENGIEER l CIVIL ENGINEER – Responsible for execution of the work l STRUCTURAL ENGINEER l SPECIALIST FIRMS l BUILDING SUPERVISOR l BUILDER l MATERIAL SUPPLIER l ARBITRATOR

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING l When a person intends to construct a building he approaches an architect and assigns the work of preparing plans of the proposed building to him. The architect considers the following points while planning. Requirements of the Owner Scope of the Building (Purpose) Shape and Size of the Plot Building Byelaws, Rules and Regulations & then…. (5) Principles of Building Planning (1) (2) (3) (4)

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (1) Requirements of the owner: l The requirements of owner differ based on their profession. l In addition to the usual requirements of living room, kitchen etc. l A professor : Study room l Doctor : Dispensary. l Advocate : Office

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (2) The scope of the proposed building: l Scope - purpose of the building. l a residential building, l a hospital building, l a school building or bank building. The facilities to be provided will be different for different types of buildings. l Accordingly the layout will be changed. l Different layouts for different buildings. l Compact layout – Bank Building / Residential Buildings l Spread up Layout – Public Buildings. l

BUILDING LAYOUTS COMPACT LAYOUT SPREAD UP LAYOUT

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD. . (3) Building Site: (i) The planning and designing of buildings depends on plot size and Shape. BUILDING PLOT ROAD

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (3) Building Site Contd. . : (ii) General Configuration of ground (i. e. nature of the ground): l If the site/plot is sloping, then advantage of the slope is derived by providing car park. l The building will be on stilts and car park below it. (iii) Nature of foundation: l The foundation rests on hard-strata. l If black cotton soil is there upto 3 m depth, then it is beneficial to provide basement.

PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD… (4) Building regulations and bye-laws: l The architect has to observe the rules framed by the local authority i. e. l Municipal Corporation l or Municipality. l Grampanchayat (District Collector)

PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING l Then architect prepares design of a building with the help of the following principles of planning. l Aspect l Prospect l Privacy l Roominess l Grouping l Circulation l Furniture requirement l Flexibility l Sanitation l Elegance l Economy and practical consideration

SUN DIAGRAM NORTH WINTER WIND NO SUN SETS W E SUN RISE WINTER SUN SUMMER SUN BREEZE SOUTH

1. ASPECT Disposition of doors and windows in the external walls – occupants can enjoy the gifts of the nature viz; sun-shine, breeze, veiw of landscape etc. KITCHEN EAST SIDE SUN RAYS ADMITTED INTO KITCHEN ASPECT – EAST SIDE

ASPECTS FOR DIFFERENT ROOMS NORTH STUDY ROOM STORE STAIR CASE WEST EAST BED ROOMS KITCHEN LIVING, VERANDAH SOUTH

WINDOW AT HIGHER LEVEL 2. PROSPECT OUTSIDE VIEW SEEN FROM INSIDE OF THE ROOM OUTSIDE GREENEARY CANNOT BE SEEN FROM INSIDE, HENCE NO PROSPECT FLOWER BED

PROSPECT CONTD… OUTSIDE GOOD SCENES, GREENARY CAN BE SEEN BY SITTING INSIDE THE ROOM, HENCE GOOD PROSPECT FLOWER BED WINDOW TAKEN TO LOWER LEVEL

PROSPECT CONTD… INSIDER OBSERVER INSIDE OBSERVER LESS VIEW DESIRED INSIDE OBSERVER LARGE VIEW DESIRED CONCEALING UNDESIRABLE VIEW

3. PRIVACY EXPOSURE OF THE INTERIOR SPACE / ROOM TO THE VISITORS VISION TYPES OF PRIVACY: (1) PRIVACY OF ALL PARTS OF BUILDING WITH REFERENCE TO SURROUNDING BUILDINGS, ROADS ETC. THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY-GROWING PLANTS, TREES ETC l PROVIDING HIGH WINDOWS WITH RESPECT TO ROADS, GROUNDS ETC. l (2) PRIVACY OF ONE ROOM FROM ANOTHER ROOM: THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY— l CAREFULLY POSITIONING OF DOORS & WINDOWS

PRIVACY DEPENDS ON PLACEMENT OF DOORS /WINDOW OPENINGS OBSERVER NO PRIVACY MODERATE PRIVACY MAX PRIVACY

PRIVACY CONTD… l INTERNAL PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY l PROVIDING CURTAINS l PROVIDING SCREENS l AVOIDING WINDOWS IN INTERIOR WALLS OF THE ROOM

4. ROOMINESS 1. GETTING MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OR SPACE OF ROOM 2. RECTANGULAR SHAPED ROOM GIVES FEELING OF MORE SPACE THAN SQUARE SHAPED ROOM FOR THE SAME AREA LESS AREA AVAILABLE MORE AREA AVAILABLE

5. GROUPING ARRANGEMENT OF VARIOUS ROOMS IN RELATION WITH THEIRFUNCTIONS GOOD GROUPING KIT DIN S. B. IMPROPER GROUPING BED KIT LIVING STAIR BED S. B. LIVING DIN STAIR

6. CIRCULATION 1. HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION – PASSAGES, CORRIDORS, VERANDAHS ETC. 2. VERTICAL CIRCULATION – STAIRS, LIFTS, ESCALATORS ETC. DOOR BAD CIRCULATION DOOR GOOD CIRCULATION HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

6. CIRCULATION CONTD… VERTICAL CIRCULATION N STUDY KIT LIV BED VER GOOD CIRCULATION WITH STAIR INSIDE BED VER BAD CIRCULATION WITH OUTSIDE STAIR

7. FURNITURE REQUIREMENT l l FUNCTION OF THE ROOM DECIDES FURNITURE REQUIREMENT OF THAT ROOM THE l LIV HALL – SOFA SET, TEAPOY, TV CASE, SHOWCASE, DIWAN ETC. l BED – SINGLE, DOUBLE BEDS, DRESSING TABLE, ALMIRAH ETC. l DINING – DINNING TABLE, CHAIRS, CUPBOARDS ETC. KNOWING TYPE OF FURNITURE THE DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM CAN BE ARRIVED AT.

8. FLEXIBILITY TO FACILITATE ACCOMODATION OF CHANGES IN THE PLAN OF THE BUILDING IN FUTURE IF NECESSARY ROOM 1 BIG HALL ROOM 2

9. SANITATION l l LIGHTING l NATURAL LIGHTING l ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING VENTILATION l NATURAL VENTILATION l ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION l CLEANLINESS l SANITARY PROVISIONS l BATHS-ROOMS l WATER CLOSETS l LATRINES

10. ELEGENCE l ELEGANCE MEANS THE AESHTETIC VIEW OF THE BUILDING OR THE BEAUTY OF THE BUILDING l ELEGANCE OF THE BUILDING CAN BE ACHIEVED BY l INCREASING THE PLINTH HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS l TREATMENT OF EXTERIOR OF BUILDING – SLOPING ROOF, PROJECTIONS ETC.

ELEGENCE : CLASSROOM BUILDING

11. ECONOMY l MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM, DOORS, WINDOWS, l SIMPLE DESIGN OF WINDOWS, l PROVIDING MINIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDING l AVOIDING PORCHES, LOBBIES ETC

BUILDING BYE-LAWS (RULES & REGULATIONS) THE LOCAL LAW FRAMED BY THE AUTHORITY. AUTHORITIES: 1. MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 2. MUNICIAPLITY / MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 3. GRAMPANCHAYAT (DISTRICT COLLECTOR)

NECESSITY OF BYE-LAWS l TO GIVE GUIDE LINES TO THE DESIGNER, ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER l AVOID HAPHAZARD GROWTH OF HOUSES l TO CHECK UN-AUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS l TO AFFORD SAFETY

BUILDING BYE-LAWS…. l BUILDING l OPEN AND CONTROL LINES SPACE REQUIREMENTS l BUILT-UP l FLOOR AREAS SPACE INDEX (FSI / FAR) l HEIGHT OF BUILDING

BUILDING LINE AND CONTROL LINE PUBLIC BUILDINGS BUILDING LINE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CONTROL LINE ROAD TYPE OF ROAD BUILDING LINE CONTROL LINE NH, SH 30 M 45 M MDR 15 M 24 M ODR 9 M 15 M VILLAGE ROAD 9 M 15 M

OPEN SPACES AROUND BUILDINGS HT OF BUILDING 5 6 9 12 15 18 20 24 WIDTH OF OPEN SPACE, M 3 3. 3 4 4. 7 5. 4 6. 1 7. 4 9 OPEN SP PLOT BUILDING ROAD

BUILT-UP AREAS AREA OF THE PLOT < 200 Sq. M PERMISSIBLE BUILT-UP AREA WITH 2 -STOREYED STRUCTURE 60% 200 Sq. M TO 500 Sq. M 50% 500 Sq. M TO 1000 Sq. M 40% >1000 Sq. M 33. 33%

FLOOR SPACE INDEX F. S. I. = LESS NO OF FLOORS TOTAL BUILT-UO AREA OF ALL FLOORS TOTAL PLOT AREA MORE NO OF FLOORS

HEIGHT OF BUILDING LIMITS ON HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS WIDTH OF ROAD MAX HT OF BUILDING UPTO 8 M NOT MORE THAN 1. 5 W 8 M TO 12 M NOT MORE THAN 12 M >12 M NOT MORE THAN WIDTH OF ROAD AND NOT MORE THAN 21 M

HEIGHT OF BUILDING 45 O & 63. 5 O AIR PLANE RULES S H 63. 5 O REAR BOUNDRY