Extraoral Radiographic Technique Extraoral radiograph is Defined as

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Extraoral Radiographic Technique ﺃﻤﻞ ﺭﺅﻮﻑ. ﺩ

Extraoral Radiographic Technique ﺃﻤﻞ ﺭﺅﻮﻑ. ﺩ

Extraoral radiograph is Defined as: Examination made of the head and facial region sing

Extraoral radiograph is Defined as: Examination made of the head and facial region sing films located outside the mouth. They allow the Dentist to view large areas of the jaws and skull on a single radiograph not covered by intraoral films.

Purpose of extraoral radiographs: • Examine large areas of the jaws and Skull. •

Purpose of extraoral radiographs: • Examine large areas of the jaws and Skull. • Study growth and development of bone and teeth • Detect fractures and evaluate trauma • Detect pathological lesions and Diseases of the jaws • Detect and evaluate impacted teeth. • Evaluate TMJ Disorders

use of extraoral radiographs: Orthodontists : uses lateral cephalometric radiograph to: • measure and

use of extraoral radiographs: Orthodontists : uses lateral cephalometric radiograph to: • measure and compare changes in Growth and evelopment of bone and the teeth through pre & progress and post treatment records

 • Prosthodontists: Use Facial profile radiographs (lateral cephalometric) to record : - The

• Prosthodontists: Use Facial profile radiographs (lateral cephalometric) to record : - The contour of the lips and the face - The relation ship of the teeth before removal, this will help them construct prosthetic appliances that look natural.

Oral surgeons: use Extraoral radiographs extensively to: • evaluate trauma. • to determine the

Oral surgeons: use Extraoral radiographs extensively to: • evaluate trauma. • to determine the location and extent of fractures. • to locate impacted teeth & abnormalities. • Malignancies. • injuries to TMJ

Extraoral Radiographic techniques: Lateral jaw projection • Known also as lateral oblique projection •

Extraoral Radiographic techniques: Lateral jaw projection • Known also as lateral oblique projection • It has been largely replaced by panoramic radiographs but still taken when image details is needed

: Purpose • To Examine the posterior region of the mandible. • Valuable in

: Purpose • To Examine the posterior region of the mandible. • Valuable in children, or Senile patients who can’t withstand intraoral films. • Patients who have fractures or swelling. • It evaluate the condition of the bone and to locate impacted teeth or large lesions.

Film placement and head position: • Cassette is positioned flat against the cheek and

Film placement and head position: • Cassette is positioned flat against the cheek and centered over the mandibular first molar area. • The patient presses the tube side of the cassette firmly against the cheek with the palm of one hand the thumb is placed under the lower edge of the cassette.

 • Head position is tilted about 10 to 20 degree toward the side

• Head position is tilted about 10 to 20 degree toward the side to be examined and the chin is protruded. • The central ray is directed toward the first molar region of the mandible from a point slight underneath the opposite side of the mandible and directed as perpendicular to the horizontal plane as possible.

Cephalometric Radiographs • may be either frontal (posteroanterior) or lateral skull projections • Cephalometric

Cephalometric Radiographs • may be either frontal (posteroanterior) or lateral skull projections • Cephalometric means measurements of the head. • Cephalometer is a device used to Standardize the placement of the head during exposure. conventional x- ray machines modified for cephalometric work or special units may be needed. Film placement and head position

 • Device called cephalostats have ear rods that stabilizes the patient’s head parallel

• Device called cephalostats have ear rods that stabilizes the patient’s head parallel to the film and at right angle to the direction of the beam • The patient head will be between the source of radiation and the cassette. • The cephalometer allows the Exposure to be taken several times for the same patient in the same head position.

Lateral skull (cephalometric )projection: • It shows the entire skull from the side and

Lateral skull (cephalometric )projection: • It shows the entire skull from the side and the X-ray passes from the lateral side Purpose: Orthodontic purpose : 1. Pre and post treatment records. 2. Evaluate the growth and development 3. Facial soft tissue profile of the face • Surgeons also use it for pre and post treatment records • Trauma • Pathology • Developmental Abnormalities

Film placement and head position : • Film is positioned vertically in a holding

Film placement and head position : • Film is positioned vertically in a holding Device. • The head is positioned with the left side of the face next to the cassette, the midsagittal plane is parallel to the cassette. • If the facial soft tissue profile is desired , a wedge filter is placed over the anterior side of the beam at the tube head so that filter will absorbs some of the xrays in the anterior region. • The x-rays is Directed towards the acoustic meatus perpendicular to the film.

Posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric projection: • Shows the entire skull in a posteroanterior plane. •

Posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric projection: • Shows the entire skull in a posteroanterior plane. • The beam passes through the skull in a posterior to anterior direction. Purpose: • Asymmetry. • Disease • Trauma Developmental abnormalities

Water’s view projection (occipitomental view) : • Also known as sinus projection • It’s

Water’s view projection (occipitomental view) : • Also known as sinus projection • It’s similar to the posteroanterior projection Except that the center of interest is focused on the middle third of the face. Purpose: To Evaluate the maxillary , frontal and ethmoid sinuses

� Reverse –towne projection Purpose: � � To examine fractures of the condylar, neck

� Reverse –towne projection Purpose: � � To examine fractures of the condylar, neck of the mandible

SUBMENTOVERTEX PROJECTION PURPOSE: • used to show the base of the skull. osition and

SUBMENTOVERTEX PROJECTION PURPOSE: • used to show the base of the skull. osition and orientation of the condyles. henoid sinus and fractures of the Zygomatic arch

Thank you

Thank you