Extracting Sample Magnetometer ESM 5 MPMS MPMS 1

提拉样品磁强计 Extracting Sample Magnetometer (ESM) 感谢? 5

MPMS的原理 MPMS 1 QD_MPMS（XL） By Mike Mc. Elfresh Fundamentals of Magnetism and Magnetic Measurements Featuring Quantum Design’s Magnetic Property Measurement System http: //www. qdusa. com/sitedocs/app. Notes/mpms/Fund. Primer. pdf 23

名词：超导量子磁强计 中华人民共和国计量技术规范 JJG 1013－89 《磁学计量常用名词术语及定义（试行）》 4. 95 超导量子磁强计： Superconducting Quantum magnetometer 中文： 超导量子磁强计； SQUID磁强计 英文： SQUID Magnetometer； SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) Magnetometer 24 20

After Bill of QD, 2006 The Chronology n 1911 – Heike Kammerlingh Onnes discovers superconductivity • 1913 Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics n 1962 – Brian Josephson predicts the “Josephson Effect” • 1973 Receives the Nobel Prize in Physics n 1986 – Bednorz and Muller discover High Temperature Superconductivity • 1987 They receive the Nobel Prize in Physics

After Bill of QD, 2006 The SQUID n n Within a year of Brian Josephson’s discovery, the first Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) was built In 1968, Professor John Wheatley of UCSD and four other international physicists founded S. H. E. Corp. (Superconducting Helium Electronics) to commercialize this new technology. 25

After Bill of QD, 2006 SQUID Magnetometers n n n The first SQUID magnetometer was developed by Mike Simmonds, Ph. D. and Ron Sager, Ph. D. while at S. H. E. Corporation in 1976. In 1982, Mike and Ron, along with two other SHE employees, founded Quantum Design. In 1984, QD began to market the next generation SQUID magnetometer – the Magnetic Property Measurement System (MPMS). In 1996, QD introduced the MPMS XL as the latest generation SQUID magnetometer During the past 22 26 years, six companies have unsuccessfully designed and marketed SQUID magnetometers to compete with the MPMS.

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS XL Temperature Control n n Patented dual impedance design allows continuous operation below 4. 2 K Sample tube thermometry improves temperature accuracy and control Transition through 4. 2 K requires no He reservoir refilling and recycling (no pot fills) Temperature sweep mode allows measurements while sweeping temperature at user controlled rate • Increases measurement speed n Smooth temperature transitions through 4. 2 K both cooling and warming

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS XL Temperature Control MPMS、SQUID_VSM：独立的温度、气氛环境

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS XL Temperature Control

我的评价 MPMS XL Temperature Control 30

我的评价 MPMS XL Temperature Control Set Temperature 10 K Wait for temperature stable 30 min 70 min

我的评价 MPMS XL Temperature Control Over. Shoot! S t a b i l i z i n g ! JIm (QD): The idea is just to wait some extra time for upper section (stainless steel slow to change) of sample tube to cool down and get lower thermal gradient. Otherwise, the extra heat load will prevent stabilizing and/or holding 2 K.

在 10 K快速稳定的小技巧 • 重复设定温度 10 K 程序设定： Set Temperature 10. 000 K at 10. 000 K/min. 手动： Waitfor Delay: 1800 secs Set Temperature 10. 000 K at 10. 000 K/min. Waitfor Delay: 300 secs Set Temperature 10 K Set Temperature 10. 000 K at 10. 000 K/min. Waitfor Delay: 300 secs 37

Wait for • • • Wait for Temp Stable Wait for Temperature Wait for Field Wait for Position 38

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS XL Temperature Control n n n Temperature Range: 1. 9 - 400 K (800 K with optional oven) Operation Below 4. 2 K: Continuous Temperature Stability: ± 0. 5% Sweep Rate Range: 0. 01 - 10 K/min with smooth transitions through 4. 2 K Temperature Calibration ± 0. 5% typical Accuracy: Number of Thermometers: 2 (one at bottom of sample tube; one at the location of sample measurements) 35

MPMS 5 控温模式：扫描温度到 ：T S Kelvin 扫描到 某一温度 Set Temperature to：T 1 Kelvin 设定 起始温度 Sweep Rate： 1 m. K/min～ 10 K/min 设定 变温速率 Sweep Temperature to ：T S Kelvin 扫描到 某一温度 43

After Bill of QD, 2006 Magnetic Field Control n Very high homogeneity magnets (1, 5 and 7 Tesla) • 0. 01% uniformity over 4 cm n Magnets can be operated in persistent or driven mode • Hysteresis mode allows faster hysteresis loop measurements n Magnets have two operating resolutions: standard and high resolution

After Bill of QD, 2006 Hysteresis Measurement

MPMS 11 MPMS-7型超导量子磁强计介绍 纵向探测系统：Longitudinal Moment Detection System QUENSQ 54 50

After Bill of QD, 2006 Reciprocating Sample Measurement System (RSO)

After Bill of QD, 2006 Reciprocating Sample Measurement System (RSO) n n Frequency Range: 0. 5 - 4 Hz Oscillation Amplitude: 0. 5 - 50 mm Relative Sensitivity: < 1 x 10 -8 emu; H 2, 500 Oe, T = 100 K (for 7 -tesla magnet) 6 x 10 -7 emu; H @ 7 tesla, T = 100 K (for 7 -tesla magnet) Dynamic range 10 -8 to 5 emu (300 emu with Extended Dynamic Range option)

MPMS RSO的使用 MPMS RSO 4 1、硬件：使用伺服马达驱动 专用RSO传输台（RSO motor） 2、功能：实现MPMS的快速测量 磁矩～磁场、温度关系 3、适用性：磁矩上限： 0. 5 emu？ 仅适用于所有的磁性测量 JIm: Yes, EDR is automatically enabled with RSO, whenever overrange error reported at normal maximum 1. 25 emu scale. 62

MPMS RSO的使用 MPMS RSO 5 硬件：专用RSO传输台（RSO motor） 63

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS System Options n Transverse Moment Detection n • for examining anisotropic effects • Second SQUID detection system n n Ultra-Low Field • Reduce remanent magnet field to ± 0. 05 Oe n n External Device Control • Control user instruments with the MPMS n n 10 k. Bar Pressure Cell Sample Space Oven • Temperatures to 800 K 1 n n Environmental Magnetic Shields Fiber Optic Sample Holder • Allows sample excitation with light n Manual Insertion Utility Probe • Perform elector-transport measurements in MPMS Extended Dynamic Range • Measure moments to ± 300 emu Sample Rotators • Vertical and Horizontal SQUID AC Susceptibility • 2 x 10 -8 emu sensitivity 0. 1 Hz to k. Hz 13+1 n n Liquid Nitrogen Shielded Dewar Ever. Cool Cryocooled Dewar • No-Loss liquid helium dewar • No helium transfers

After Bill of QD, 2006 Transverse Moment Detection n Measures anisotropic effects of moments with vector components perpendicular to the applied field Incorporates a second SQUID detection system which can resolve transverse moments as small as 10 -6 emu Second-order detection coils orthogonal to the longitudinal detection coils

After Bill of QD, 2006 SQUID AC Susceptibility n Dynamic measurement of sample • Looks also at the resistance and conductance • Can be more sensitive the DC measurement n Measures Real ( ) and Imaginary ( ) components • is the resistance of the sample • is the conductive part Ø n Proportional to the energy dissipation in the sample Must resolve components of sample moment that is out of phase with the applied AC field • SQUID is the best for this because it offers a signal response that is virtually flat from 0. 01 Hz to 1 k. Hz n n Available on all MPMS XL systems Requires system to be returned to factory for upgrade

After Bill of QD, 2006 SQUID AC Susceptibility n n Features • Programmable Waveform Synthesizer and high-speed Analog-to-Digital converter • AC susceptibility measured automatically and can be done in combination with the DC measurement • Determination of both real and imaginary components of the sample’s susceptibility • Frequency independent sensitivity Specifications • Sensitivity (0. 1 Hz to 1 k. Hz): 2 x 10 -8 emu @ 0 Tesla 1 x 10 -7 emu @ 7 Tesla • AC Frequency Range: 0. 01 Hz to 1 k. Hz • AC Field Range: 0. 0001 to 3 Oe (system dependent) • DC Applied Field: ± 0. 1 to 70 k. Oe (system dependent) 65

After Bill of QD, 2006 SQUID AC Susceptibility

After Bill of QD, 2006 Ultra-Low Field Capability n n n Actively cancels remanent field in all MPMS superconducting magnets Sample space fields as low as ± 0. 1 Oe achievable Custom-designed fluxgate magnetometer supplied Includes Magnet Reset Requires the Environmental Magnet Shield

After Bill of QD, 2006 Hysteresis measurement

After Bill of QD, 2006 Extended Dynamic Range n n n Extends the maximum measurable moment from ± 5 emu to ± 300 emu (10 orders of magnitude) Automatically selected when needed in measurement Effective on both longitudinal and transverse SQUID systems

关于MPMS的量程 • 基本量程（Primary Dynamic Range） • 扩展量程（Extended Dynamic Range） 74 70

关于MPMS的量程（1） • 基本量程（Primary Dynamic Range） DC Transport： 4 cm, 32 -point scan 1. 25 emu 4 cm, 64 -point scan Holding: 64 points per scan RSO： 0. 4 emu 10. 0 emu > 10. 0 emu ？ 75

关于MPMS的量程（3） • 扩展量程（Extended Dynamic Range） DC Transport： RSO： 300 emu 4 cm, 64 -point scan JIm： EDR basically just puts a transformer between pick-up coil and SQUID capsule to reduce current generated in gradiometer by very large signals. While we of course calibrate the impact from extra electronic components, there will always be a distinct 77 step in the data at this transition.

After Bill After of Bill QD, of 2006 QD Sample Space Oven n Provides high temperature measurement capability • Ambient to n n 800 K Easily installed and removed by the user when needed A minimal increase in helium usage • Approximately 0. 1 liters liquid helium/hour n 3. 5 mm diameter sample space 75

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS Horizontal Rotator n n Automatically rotates sample about a horizontal axis during magnetic measurement 360 degrees of rotation; 0. 1 degree steps Sample platform is 1. 6 X 5. 8 Diamagnetic background signal of 10 -3 emu at 5 tesla （课程一）：样品总磁矩 < 0. 1 memu

QD公司SQUID磁强计的升级 ? Sample Rotator for MPMS 81

After Bill of QD, 2006 Manual Insertion Utility Probe n n n Perform electro-transport measurement in the MPMS sample space 10 -pin connector Use with External Device Control (EDC) for controlling external devices (e. g. , voltmeter and current source) • Creates fully automated electro-transport measurement system

http: //www. qd-china. com/upfile/news/201071245437533. pdf 80

After Bill of QD, 2006 External Device Control n n Allows control and data read back from third party electronics Allows custom control of MPMS electronics Use with Manual Insertion Utility Probe for automated electrotransport measurements MPMS Multi. Vu version written in Borland’s Delphi (Visual Pascal) programming language

After Bill of QD, 2006 Hysteresis Measurement made with External Device Control (EDC) to control a DC field using the AC coil in the MPMS n Using EDC n Up to ± 8 Oe DC field (system 20 dependent) Å Ni Thin Film (PSI, Zurich) Step size as small as 1. 9 Oe n

After Bill of QD, 2006 Fiber Optic Sample Holder n n Allows sample to be illuminated by an external light source while making magnetic measurements Optimized for near UV spectrum (180 to 700 nm) Includes 2 -meter fiber optic bundle Sample bucket 1. 6 mm diameter and 1. 6 mm deep SMA connector Slide seal Fiber optic bundle Firberguide Industries: Superguide G UV-Vis fiber

http: //www. qd-china. com/upfile/news/201071245437533. pdf n 只与磁性测量兼容

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS Liquid Helium Dewar Options n n n Basic system supplied with a vapor shielded 56 liter dewar Liquid nitrogen jacketed version of the basic dewar improves hold time by ~ 30% MPMS Ever. Cool Cryocooled Dewar 85

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS Ever. Cool Dewar n n n n Designed to eliminate the need for liquid helium transfers Virtually eliminates all helium loss from the Quantum Design MPMS magnetometer system Cryocooler-dewar system that recondenses the helium directly in the dewar Integrated into MPMS Operating System Cryocooler operation can be controlled automatically to minimize interference with sensitive magnetic measurements Available as an upgrade to all MPMS systems (no equipment needs to be returned to Quantum Design) Available with water or air cooled compressor

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS Ever. Cool Dewar Cryocooler coldhead Liquid helium condenser unit 非常感谢物理所建立了低温条件保障中心！ 向在低温车间辛勤劳动的全体人员致敬！

After Bill of QD, 2006 MPMS Ever. Cool Dewar

After Bill of QD, 2006 New Product: High Pressure Cell n n n Manufactured by easy. Lab Limited in the UK Offers 10 kbar of pressure Supplied with complete user’s kit M 06组

After Bill of QD, 2006 New Product: 3 Helium System n n Minimum temperature of 0. 48 K Manufactured and marketed by IQUANTUM of Japan 90

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MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure 129 125

MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure (Sequence Command) 130

MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure 131

MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure命令的使用 132

MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure命令的使用 133

MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure n m k 134 130

MPMS XL的新功能 • Multiple Measure n>2 m n k s(x) 139 135