External Intercostal Origin Insertion Inferior border of the

External Intercostal Origin Insertion • Inferior border of the ribs • Superior border of the ribs below Nerve • Intercostal nerve Action • Elevates Ribs

Splenius Capitis Origin Insertion • Nuchal ligament • spinous process of C 7 – T 3 • Mastoid process • superior nuchal line Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – laterally bend to side of active muscles • Bilaterally – extend head and neck

Erector Spinae Origin Insertion • Iliac crest • Sacrum • Supraspinous ligament Iliocostalis - angles of lower ribs and transverse process Longissimus - transverse process in thoracic and cervical regions , and to mastoid process Spinalis - spinous process thoracic region and to skull Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – laterally bend vertebral column to side of active muscles • Bilaterally – extend vertebral column and head

Rhomboid Minor Origin Insertion • Nuchal ligament • spinous process of C 7 and T 1 vertebrae • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle Nerve • Dorsal scapular nerve Action • Retracts scapula

Deltoid Origin Insertion • Clavicular- lateral third of clavicle • Acromial – Acromion • Spinal – Spine of scapula • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Nerve • Axillary nerve Action • Clavicular – flexes and medially rotates arm • Acromial – abducts arm • Spinal – extends & laterally rotates arms

Serratus Anterior Origin Insertion • Ribs 1 - 9 • Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula Nerve • Long thoracic nerve C 5 -C 7 Action • Protracts scapula

Teres Major Origin Insertion • Inferior angle of the scapula • Lesser tubercle Nerve • Lower subscapular Action • Adduct and internally rotates humerus

Trapezius Origin Insertion • • Superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance Nuchal ligament Spinous process of C 7 -T 12 • Clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Nerve • Spinal accessory nerve Action • Elevates, retracts, rotates scapula

Rhomboid Major Origin Insertion • Spinous process of T 2 -T 5 vertebrae • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle Nerve • Dorsal scapular nerve Action • Retracts scapula

Internal Intercostal Origin Insertion • Inferior border of the ribs • Superior border of the ribs below Nerve • Intercostal nerve Action • Depresses Ribs

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin Insertion • Nuchal ligament • Spinous process C 7 -T 3 • Ribs 2, 3, 4 Nerve • 2 nd-5 th Intercostal nerves Action • Elevates Ribs

Quadratus lumborum Origin Insertion • 12 th rib • lumbar transverse process • Iliolumbar ligament • iliac crest Nerve • Anterior rami of T 12 & L 1 -L 4 nerve Action • Extends and laterally flexes (bends) vertebral column • Hip hiker

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin Insertion • Spinous process T 11 -L 2 • Ribs 8 -12 Nerve • Anterior rami T 9 -T 12 nerve Action • Depresses Ribs

Infraspinatus Origin • Infraspinatus fossa of scapula Insertion • Greater tubercle of humerus Nerve • Suprascapular nerve Action • Laterally rotates arm

Levator Scapulae Origin Insertion • Transverse process of C 1 -C 4 • Superior angle Nerve • Dorsal scapular nerve Action • Elevates scapula

Splenius Cervicis Origin • Nuchal ligament • spinous process of C 7 – T 3 Insertion • Transverse process of C 1 -C 3 Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – laterally bend to side of active muscles • Bilaterally – extend head and neck

Latissimus Dorsi Origin Insertion • • Spinous process of T 7 -T 12 Thoracolumbar fascia Iliac crest 3 or 4 ribs • Bicipital groove Nerve • Thoracodorsal nerve C 6 Action • Extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus

Semispinalis Origin • Thoracic and cervical transverse process Insertion • Run superomedially • Attach to occipital bone and spinous process in thoracic & cervical regions Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Unilaterally – rotate head and neck contralaterally • Bilaterally – extend head and thoracic cervical regions. Stabilizes vertebrae

Multifidus Origin Insertion • Sacrum and ilium • Transverse process of T 1 -L 5 • Articular process of C 4 -C 7 • Run superomedially to spinous process Nerve • Posterior rami of intercostal nerves Action • Unilaterally – rotate head and neck contralaterally • Bilaterally – extend head and thoracic cervical regions. Stabilizes vertebrae

Rotatores Origin • Transverse process of vertebrae Insertion • Run superomedially and attach to junction of lamina and transverse process Nerve • Posterior rami of spinal nerves Action • Stabilize vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotary movement