External Determinants of Aggression Overview l l Before

External Determinants of Aggression

Overview l l Before midterm… situational/external factors After midterm… biological/individual factors So… l What are the factors from Chapter 5 (external factors) and how do they compare/contrast in terms of influencing aggression? l What are the factors from Chapter 4 (social factors), and how to reconcile all of these factors from both chapters ? ? ?

External determinants? l l l l Heat Noise Crowding Air Quality Odor Cues Media Self-awareness

So many factors ? !? l l l l Heat Noise Crowding Air Quality Odor Cues Media Self-awareness l l Frustration Magnitude Arbitrariness Emotional processes Cognitive Processes Attacks Defensive strategy Impression Management Target Sex of Target Race of Target Other people Obedience Bystanders

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES l Chapter 1 l l Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective Externally created Motivations l Frustration-Aggression model l Aggressive Cue Theory l Excitation Transfer Theory Cognitive Models l Cognitive Neoassociation Model l Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies Learned Behavior l Social Learning Theory

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES l Chapter 1 l l Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective Externally created Motivations l Frustration-Aggression model l Aggressive Cue Theory l Excitation Transfer Theory Cognitive Models l Cognitive Neoassociation Model l Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES l Chapter 1 l l Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective Externally created Motivations l Frustration-Aggression model l Aggressive Cue Theory (plus pages 263 -269, “Aggression l Excitation Transfer Theory influences Arousal”) Cognitive Models l Cognitive Neoassociation Model l Cognition-Excitation Interdependencies Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory

How to reconcile so many factors? = THEORIES l Chapter 1 l l Instinctive Drives – Evolutionary Perspective Externally created Motivations l Frustration-Aggression model l Aggressive Cue Theory l Excitation Transfer Theory Cognitive Models l Cognitive Neoassociation Model l Cognition-Excitation Interdependence Learned Behavior Social Learning Theory (Dollard) (Berkowitz) (Zillman)

Original Frustration. Aggression Hypothesis Frustration (and only frustration) Aggression (of all forms)

Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis (Reformulated) Frustration Pain Heat Negative Feelings Emotional Aggression Any Other Unpleasant Experience

Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc. ) Negative Feelings Angry Thoughts and Associations Fight

Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc. ) Negative Feelings OR Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight

Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc. ) Negative Feelings OR Objects or Events Priming Aggression Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight

Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc. ) Negative Feelings Objects or Events Priming Aggression Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight

Cognitive neoassociation model Unpleasant Experiences (pain, heat, etc. ) Negative Feelings Objects or Events Priming Aggression Angry Thoughts and Associations Fearful Thoughts and Associations Fight Flight