Express yourself with Modals Auxiliaries DARE USED must

Express yourself with Modals + Auxiliaries DARE & USED must can could will would may might shall should

Mini-play 1) Role play the dialogues on this slide and the next 2) Then, decide which paragraphs express: CONDITION SUGGESTION OBLIGATION PROBABILITY 3) Why is can* the odd one out in the first paragraph? 4 ) Put modals in order of strength in the first paragraph 5) Compare 2 nd and 1 st conditionals in second paragraph with Mark John & - John: We must get the job finished tomorrow. Shame we have to work in the scorching sun… We ought to progress faster, but in this heat, we need to have more time. I should take us about 6 to 7 hours to get it over and done with. Hey mark, can* you listen? - Mark: What’s up John? - John: Well, if we started work earlier, it wouldn’t be so hot. Mark: If I were you, I would rest now. John: Listen, if we start early tomorrow, It won’t be so hot. Mark: And if you keep talking, neither of us will rest now.

- John: What time shall we start tomorrow? - Mark: I dunno! (don’t know) Let’s have a rest now… Why don’t you put your feet up? Please, sit down, John! - John: Is there any way you could be ready at 5 am tomorrow morning? This way, we’d have an earlier start and we’d be done by midday… It may not even take us that long since it’ll be cooler. Do you think you might be able to do this for once? - Mark: Hmmm… 1) Observe modal shall and polite suggestions/orders in the top paragraph 2) In the last paragraph, which modal or future form could be paired with the adverbs probably (possibly, perhaps) or definitely (surely, certainly)

Let’s analyze the situation… • What could you say about the situation in the mini play? • How would you describe the characters’ attitudes and personalities? • What do you think they should do? • What advice might you give to each of them?

On the next slide, you will be asked to say which modals express: • • • Obligation Ability Permission Probability Habit

John will (1) sound stressed, he always does. But he is polite when he asks if he may (2) suggest they work earlier the next day. Even though Mark is John’s friend, he still might (3) not agree to getting up that early, as he may (4) well prefer to lie in tomorrow morning. There is no reason why they could not (5) do as John suggests, except that mark just cannot (6) see the point of doing something unless he has to (7). It just would not (8) make sense to him. Yet, John is right, they must (9) get on, they have a deadline by which the job needs to (10) be finished. What can (11) John do? Maybe he should (12) ask Mark: what shall (13) we do? That could give Mark more responsibility for the problem at hand.

Write down ways of asking for or giving permission:

Permission In the present or future: You may/can park here You may/can leave when you’ve finished. May = a little more formal Can = expresses permission and ability For requests only: Could I ? = expresses permission Might I ? = (more formal) expresses uncertainty about the answer In the past: We couldn’t cross the frontier because we had no visa.

Which modals express possibility?

Possibility “He can/could/may/might emigrate” Can = general possibility/ability - all circumstances permit like: this road can be very slippery / can you listen? Could = possibility because of permission or ability as in: Is there any way you could be ready at 5 am tomorrow morning? May/might = possibility due to permission or will as in: Do you think you might be able to do this for once? In the past: He could, occasionally, be very unreasonable. You could have told me! He might have emigrated She might not have seen

Which modals express deduction or assumption?

Deduction and assumption There’s a lot of noise coming from upstairs… It must/will be Tom. He’s in his flat at this time. Everyone else is at work, it has to be Tom. It can’t/couldn’t be him, I saw him leave earlier. He should be back at this time. He will be practicing his guitar as usual. He must think he’s alone in the building. It can/could only be him. This has to be where the noise comes from.

Which modals express obligation?

Obligation Present: I must do I should do I ought to do I have to do I need to do Perfect: I ought to have done I should have done Past: I had to do I needed to do Future: I will have to do I will need to do

Use the modals in blue to say things about the characters in the picture Can Could May Might I can play the guitar Could you open the door please? Must Have to Need to I can ski I can’t ski Shall Should Ought to I think you should marry him. He’s very sexy! No I can’t.

Can you say something using the word DARE ?

“He was so scared, he didn’t dare say anything” “Jumping off a high cliff is a very daring thing to do” “If don’t tell us the truth, we’ll give you a dare” What does ‘to dare’ mean?

Form: To dare + infinitive with or without to. Like a regular verb: I/you dare, he dares. . Don’t you dare give up!

Special uses of dare 1 -What is the meaning of daresay/dare say here? • English tourist: But I drive on the left in England! • Local policeman: I daresay you do, but we drive on the right here. 2 -What does dare express here? • How dare you open my letters? • How dared they complain after what they’d done to us! 3 -what does dare express here? • Mom: Why did you throw the stone at the window? • Boy: Another boy dared me.

What is the difference between saying: ?

used to & to be/get used to What is the difference? In the pas t, I used to… Now, I’m used to … I used to smoke cigarette; now I smoke pipes She did not use to like Tom; now, she does. I am used to noise; I work in a noisy office. I am not very familiar with this program, but I will get used to it.

VERB • Past routine (replaceable by would): Every morning Tom used to kiss Ann and set off to work. Ann used to stand at the window and wave goodbye… • Past habit (discontinued/contrasted with present): I used to smoke. • Not to be confused with the verb TO USE: I use (or I used) a hat to keep the sun off my face ADJECTIVE • Meaning ‘accustomed’: I am used to wine with my meal

Make up logical statements like this one using both used to + verb, and to be used to I use d to live the t in ropic s, so I got u sed t being o h o t. used I am to wa rm weath er.