Exploring Space Radiation From Space Electromagnetic Spectrum Energy
- Slides: 137
Exploring Space
Radiation From Space • Electromagnetic Spectrum • Energy leaves a star in the form of radiation • Transmitted by electromagnetic waves • Waves arranged according to wavelengths
Speed of Light 300, 000 km / sec. 186, 000 mi / sec. In a vacuum (space)
Energy Waves • • • Crest – Top (highest point) of each wave Trough – Bottom (lowest point) of a wave Wavelength – Distance between successive wave crests (troughs) Frequency – # of crests (troughs) that pass a point in 1 second Amplitude – distance between a wave’s mid point and its crest (trough)
Energy Waves (cont. ) • Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle • 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz) _________ the wavelength = _________ frequency
Energy Waves (cont. ) • Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle • 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz) The shorter the wavelength = _____ frequency _____ the wavelength = _____ frequency
Energy Waves (cont. ) • Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle • 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz) The shorter the wavelength = Higher frequency _____ the wavelength = _____ frequency
Energy Waves (cont. ) • Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle • 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz) The shorter the wavelength = Higher frequency The longer the wavelength = _____ frequency
Energy Waves (cont. ) • Passage of 1 wave = 1 cycle • 1 cycle / second = 1 hertz (Hz) The shorter the wavelength = Higher frequency The longer the wavelength = Lower frequency
Light • Made up of all colors of the spectrum • Travels in a straight path • Slows down as it travels through different substances
R O Y G. B I V
R O Y G. B I V
Light • Reflect – the bouncing of light off the surface of a material • Refract – the bending of light as it passes from one substance to another
Prism: angular piece of glass used to produce a spectrum.
Colors • White – all colors reflected • Black – all colors absorbed – You don’t “see” black – Sensation when very little light of any color reaches your eye • Green – green, blue, yellow reflected
Why do you see the colors that you see?
Why do you see the colors that you see?
Why do you see the colors that you see?
What happens when you wear a black shirt on a hot summer day? Why?
Rainbow Simulator
t
Telescope
Telescope (far. . seeing)
Telescope (far. . see) Radio Telescopes Optical Telescopes
Telescope (far. . see) Radio Telescopes collects and focuses radio waves Optical Telescopes
Telescope (far. . see) Radio Telescopes collects and focuses radio waves Optical Telescopes collects and focuses light rays
Telescope (far. . see) Radio Telescopes Optical Telescopes Refracting: uses a lens to bend light to a focal point Reflecting: uses a mirror to bounce light to a focal point
Focal Length focal point
Focal Length Objective Lens focal point
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens focal point
Light rays from the eyepiece enter your eye before it crosses the focal plane, therefore the image is not corrected (re-inverted). Eyepiece Objective Lens
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = F (objective) F (eyepiece)
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = 700 mm 15 mm
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = 46. 6 x
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = 700 mm 10 mm
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = 70 x
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = 700 mm 5 mm
Focal Length Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification = 140 x
Why pay for a bigger lens?
How many dots do you see?
Look closely.
The ability to discriminate between two points is called what?
The ability to discriminate between two points is called what? Resolution
Low Resolution High Resolution
47 x
47 x Now let’s see 150 x
150 x 47 x Same Resolution
Amateur astronomer often prefer observing with lower magnification. . . it’s just more pleasing.
What is another advantage of a large lens or mirror?
What is another advantage of a large lens or mirror? Light Collecting Ability
What is another advantage of a large lens or mirror? Light Collecting Ability Imagine the pupil of your eye dilated in the dark to a size of 8 or 16 inches!!
Look at this view through a small telescope. Then click to the next slide and compare with the same view through a larger telescope.
This view is the same magnification but much brighter!
Binoculars with 35 mm diameter lenses
Binoculars with 50 mm diameter lenses
Lens shapes Convex
Lens shapes Convex Concave
Lens shapes Convex Concave Plano
Lens shapes
Lens shapes biconvex
Lens shapes biconvex biconcave
Lens shapes biconvex biconcave
Lens shapes biconvex biconcave plano-convex
Lens shapes biconvex plano-convex biconcave plano-concave
Converging = coming together
Diverging = going apart
Converging Focal Length
Diverging Focal Length?
Diverging Virtual Focal Point
Diverging Virtual Focal Point
Diverging Focal Length
Your Assignment
but don’t be sloppy!
Compare!
? cm
Bad!
? cm
o 45
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola Focal Point
Parabola Focal Length
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola Radio Receiver
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola
Parabola Radio Transmitter
Parabola
Parabola HEA T
Parabola
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES “Newtonian”
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES “Cassegrain”
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES “Schmidt”
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES
REFLECTING TELESCOPES “Schmidt -Cassegrain”
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