Exploring North America Exploration in North America Causes

Exploring North America

Exploration in North America Causes Protestant Reformation Search for Northwest Passage Early Trading Activities Effects

Cause and Effects Cause Effect • Protestant Reformation • Protestants sought religious freedom in North America. • Northwest Passage • Exploration of Canada • Early Trading Activities • French Dutch and English establish trading post.

Protestant Reformation Followers of Martin Luther that broke away from the Catholicism to begin their own Christian churches. Martin Luther's protest were the start of a great religious and historical movement know as the Protestant Reformation/

Luther 95 Theses Acting on this belief, he wrote the “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences, ” also known as “The 95 Theses, ” a list of questions and propositions for debate. Popular legend has it that on October 31, 1517 Luther defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church.

Early English Settlements

England in America Events that allow England access to the Americas • English defeat of the Spanish Armada ended Spanish control over the seas. • 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth.

Roanoke Sir Walter Raleigh sent about 100 men to settle on Roanoke Island of the coast of present day North Carolina. In 1585 after a difficult winter they returned to Europe. A group of settlers return a few years later. This group deserted the island disappeared. No real clues to what happened to this group except the word Croatoan carved on a gatepost.

Jamestown Settlement 1 st permanent settlement in North America • In April 1607, settlers from the Virginia Company in London entered in the Chesapeake Bay. • Faced many hardships. • Failed to set up trading post. • Found no gold.

Tobacco When the colonist discovered how to grow tobacco the colony began to prosper. Tobacco saved colonization in the Americas. http: //www. history. com/topics/james town/videos/jamestown-founded-in 1607

New England Colonies

Religious Freedom • Some separatist in the Netherlands made an arrangement with the Virginia Company. • They could settle in Virginia and practice religion freely. • These separatist considered themselves Pilgrims

The Journey • The Pilgrims had hoped to settle in the Virginia colony. • They instead landed in well north of their target. • They remained because of the fast approaching winter.

Mayflower Compact • The compact pledged their loyalty to England declared their intention of forming “a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation. ” • The signers also promised to obey laws passed for the betterment of the colony

New Colonies • Massachusetts Bay Colony • During the 1630 s more than 15000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts to escape religious persecution and ECONOMIC hardships in England. This became know as the Great Migration. • Led by John Winthrop. Later called this place Boston

The first Constitution in the American Colonies • In Hartford, Connecticut, the first constitution in the American colonies, the “Fundamental Orders, ” is adopted by representatives of Wethersfield, Windsor, and Hartford.

What led to the Fundamental Orders • The Dutch discovered the Connecticut River in 1614, but English Puritans from Massachusetts largely accomplished European settlement of the region. During the 1630 s, they flocked to the Connecticut valley from the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and in 1638 representatives from the three major Puritan settlements in Connecticut met to set up a unified government for the new colony.

What Were The Orders • Roger Ludlow, a lawyer, wrote much of the Fundamental Orders, and presented a binding and compact frame of government that put the welfare of the community above that of individuals. • It was also the first written constitution in the world to declare the modern idea that “the foundation of authority is in the free consent of the people. ”

Middle Colonies

England Takes Over New Netherland boasted an excellent harbor and thriving river trade. In 1664 England sent a fleet to attack New Amsterdam. Peter Stuyvesant, governor at the time was unprepared for battle. Quickly surrendered to the English.

New Amsterdam becomes New York • King Charles gave the colony to his brother, , the Duke of York. • Changed the Name to New York. • New York became a proprietary colony, a colony in which the owner, or proprietor, owned all the land controlled the government. • The colony thrived under English control

New Jersey • The Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony to lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. • These proprietors named the colony New Jersey. • Like New York this colony was a place of ethnic and religious diversity.

Pennsylvania • In 1680 William Penn, a wealthy English gentleman presented his plan of colonization to King Charles. • William Penn belonged to a group of religious dissenters known as the Society of Friends, or Quakers.

Quakers and Pennsylvania • The Quakers were thought to be a threat to the established English traditions. • They were pacifist, people who refused to use force or fight in wars. • Later divided the southern Pennsylvania counties into the colony of Delaware

Southern Colonies • Southern Colonies in North America were established by England (later Great Britain), during the 17 th and 18 th centuries and consisted of the Province of Maryland, the Colony of Virginia, the Province of North Carolina, the Province of South Carolina, and the Province of Georgia.

Maryland • In 1632 King Charles I gave George Calvert the proprietary colony of Maryland. • Based largely on agriculturetobacco, corn, wheat, fruit and vegetables, and livestock. • Because of arguments over the boundary between Maryland Pennsylvania. Two British astronomers, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, were hired to draw the line. This became known as the Mason. Dixon Line.

Virginia • Established colony. Begins to question British and New England authority. • Wanted the right to expand westward. • Bacons rebellion proved that settlers were no longer willing to be restricted to just the coast. • Virginia reached as far west as the Mississippi river.

Northern and Southern Carolina • The northern part of Carolina was settled by mostly farmers from Virginia’s back country. • The southern Carolinas were more prosperous. This was due to the good harbor at Charles Town. (Charleston) • In the 1740’s Eliza Lucas developed an important crop that helped southern Carolina become prosperous. The crop was indigo and was used as a dye for textiles.

Georgia • The last of the British Colonies was founded in 1733. • A group led by general James Oglethorpe received a charter to create a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start. • Another reason was to help protect other British colonies from the Spanish who were in Florida.

Southern Colonies • • Relied mostly on Agriculture. Begin the mass institution of Slavery. Introduced Carolina Rice and Indigo. Tobacco was a heavy cash crop for the Southern colonies. Europeans paid premium prices for tobacco.