EXPLORING LOYALTIES CHAPTER 5 Chapter Issue To what

EXPLORING LOYALTIES CHAPTER 5 Chapter Issue: To what extent do contending loyalties need to be reconciled?

Contending Loyalties � When you join a group or organization there are expectation put upon you � Sports teams � Church groups � These expectations will require you to give something up � Loyalty has a cost Influence other parts of your life �Job �Ability to participate in other community events �Time with family and friends

� Situations will arise when your loyalties to one group will contend with those of another group

Nationalism and Loyalty � � � Nationalism requires people to feel a sense of loyalty to Commitment to Identification with �a � � particular nation How deep these feelings of nationalism are depends on what country you are from Overall it is very important to reconcile contending loyalties within yourself

Contending Nationalist Loyalties in Canada � Canada is a nation of nations � Founded by 3 distinct nations First Nations Anglophone Francophone � � Many families immigrated to Canada from all over the world As well we can feel connected to nations within the nation of Canada � Metis connect with First Nations and the Francophone histories and along with feeling patriotic towards Canada

� � In order to feel these loyalties to groups, there has to be something in them that connect to you Trudeau in his quote (page 101) � Believed that Canada was a better place because it included many ethnic groups inside the state

Contending Loyalties of French Canadians � Language Loyalties and Bill 101 � 1969 Quebec passed Bill 63 Guaranteed the right of Quebeckers to choose the language of instruction for their children � 1974 Bill 22 went further French became the official language of contracts in Quebec Forced corporations to have French names and advertise mainly in French Only kids who understood English already were allowed to attend English speaking schools

� Problem however � Birthrate was low � Immigrants were preferring to put children in English schools And to use English hospitals and social services � Rene Levesque (Premier of Quebec) created Bill 101 the Charter of French Language � Stated that Quebec needed to make French the language of Law and the Government � And the everyday language of work, instruction, communication, commerce and business

� The Rise of the ADQ � As the debate about separatism goes on a new party has formed Action Democratique du Quebec (2007) �Won 30% of the popular vote �Called for Quebec autonomy within Canada �Change their name to the Autonomist State of Quebec �Adopt its own constitution �Create its own citizenship �Over ride federal laws

� The party’s ideas on Quebec nationalism are: � Our first allegiance, our passion and loyalty towards Quebec � All people living in Quebec are Quebecers without exception � Quebec’s optimal development evolves with the strengthening of its autonomy � Canadians outside of Quebec are our privileged partners we have an extensive common history � The future and the well-being of forthcoming generations of Quebecers is our priority � We intend to move Quebec forward by generating consensus to unite rather than divide

� French Canadians Fighting for Canada � Conscription Crisis of 1917 French protested the conscription of all Canadians to fight for Britain in WWI � � Conscription was not suppose to happen but as the war dragged on it was needed Quebecers rioted against the measures � Public sentiment however went against them and they were branded as unpatriotic � Did have a point though French Canadian troops were scattered throughout English speaking Units

Contending Loyalties of Aboriginal Canadians � Many feel loyalty to their Band, First Nation community, and other aboriginal people in Canada AND the United States Has Canada earned any of this loyalty? � First Nations and the Meech Lake Accord � � Set of amendments to the Constitution of Canada Designed to persuade Quebec to endorse the Constitution Act � Derailed by a Cree MLA Elijah Harper in Red River Manitoba

� They did not oppose Quebec getting special status � Just � angry that it was not put in for the Natives as well Inuit Perspectives � Powerful connection to the north � A simpler way of life � Has changed rapidly Permanent settlements Became part of money based economy Lifestyles changed rapidly

Non-Nationalist Loyalties � Many feel loyalties toward religion, region, culture, and race � Not necessarily part of sense of nationalism toward a nation These can contend with each other �ex: can support both Italian and Canadian soccer teams �But what happens when they play each other? �Must find a balance or sense of resolution

Religious Loyalties and Civic Loyalties � Since Canada is a country of diverse religious beliefs… � Can cause civic laws to contend with their religious beliefs Charter guarantees religious freedoms above civic laws �The right to challenge laws if they are against their religious beliefs �Example; Hutterites do not have to get pictures on their driver’s licenses

� Conscientious Objection in Canada � During immigration government needed to encourage groups to come to the Prairies In order to do this they offered special privileges for certain religious groups �Hutterites, Mennonites, Doukhobours �All were pacifist religions �All faced persecution in their home countries � � � Promised religious freedom, including freedom from military duty Did however support the war cause financially However, refused to fight, caused problems with other Canadians

Movie Assignment � � While watching the movie “Spy Game” jot down a few examples of contending loyalties for the main characters of the movie. Once the movie has completed write a two paragraph response which includes the following: � Paragraph One: Definition of the concept of contending loyalties Examples of the contending loyalties faced by both Tom Bishop (Brad Pitt’s character) and Nathan Muir (Robert Redford’s character) throughout the movie. (minimum of 2 examples for each character). State for each what that character decided to do. � Paragraph Two: List 3 factual examples of contending loyalties you have had in your life and how you decided which way to act when faced with each of them (which way did you go, how did you come upon that answer. )