EXPLORING ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM PRESENTED BY SRP Kevin

EXPLORING ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM PRESENTED BY SRP Kevin Rolfe- Education Representative, Salt River Project Sarah Sleasman- 4 th Grade teacher, Excelencia Elementary Robin Inskeep- STEM Coach, Tolleson School District

AGENDA Introductions and logistics Basics of Magnetism Electromagnets Basics of Electricity Simple, Series, and Parallel Circuits Electricity Generation Wrap up and Resources

BASICS OF MAGNETISM

1 ST MAGNETISM ACTIVITY “Magnetic Characteristics” Procedures: Have students list small objects from the classroom or their desks and the material each is made from Students predict whether or not they think that object will be attracted to a magnet Test their predictions with a magnet

WHAT IS MAGNETISM? Any material that attracts ferromagnetic materials including iron, steel, cobalt and nickel Can be permanent or temporary

MAGNETISM BASICS Only Certain Types of Materials Exhibit Magnetism N S Magnets can be made in a variety of shapes, but all magnets have 2 poles • Opposite poles attract • Like poles repel All magnets have lines of force extending from one pole to the other in the 3 dimensional space around them

MAGNETIC LINES OF FLUX Magnetic Field Magnetic lines do not cross each other. The lines go from North to South on the magnet. N magnet S

MAGNETS ATTRACTING EACH OTHER N N S Pulling S

MAGNETS OPPOSING EACH OTHER N N Pushing Apart S S

6/9/2021 2 ND MAGNETISM ACTIVITY Magnetic N Lines of Flux magnet S 10

THE EARTH IS A MAGNET

WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS? North and south poles “di”-poles Break the magnet in half and you will have two separate magnets 3 dimensional field of attraction Transfer magnetic properties

MAGNETIC DOMAINS

WHERE DO MAGNETS COME FROM? Nature Man-made materials from: Ceramic Alnico (aluminum, nickel, & cobalt) Flexible rubber-like material Created using current (electricity)

3 RD MAGNETISM ACTIVITY Make an electromagnet with: Wire Iron bolt or nail Battery 1. 5 volts Compass

USES FOR MAGNETS IN EVERYDAY LIFE Homes Door bells Microwaves TV’s Speakers Hard Drive Electricity Schools Whiteboard Magnets

4 TH MAGNETIC ACTIVITY Paperclip Pick-up Procedures: Students made predictions about how many paperclips they can pick up using the fishing pole magnet (1 only, 2, 3 etc. ) Using the fishing pole magnets, students test their predictions (no stacking allowed!) Students will see that surface area affects the amount of paper clips the magnet can pick up (it’s not simply additive!)

MAGNETISM ACTIVITIES “Magnetic Characteristics” “Lines of Flux” “Electromagnet” “Paper Clip Pick Up” Summarize findings & Review class worksheets

BASICS OF ELECTRICITY

SAFETY NOTE Always be careful around electricity. Make sure an adult is present during experiments and demonstrations using electricity. Use only low voltage for demonstrations (6 volts dc or less) Take care to prevent shorts on batteries Never allow the positive and negative terminals to touch the same metal object (short) Use plastic covers on batteries when not in use Never use electricity from a wall outlet in any of these classroom demonstration. Use the batteries or generators. 20

ELECTRICITY BASICS Electricity is…. . • • The flow of electrons The energy supplied by batteries and generators (current electricity) The shock you can get from rubbing your feet on the carpet (static electricity) A bolt of lightning! (static electricity) 21

ALL MATTER IS MADE UP OF ATOMS MATTER (Diamond, coal) ELEMENT (Carbon, Oxygen) ATOM (particles)

ATOMS What is an Atom? The smallest component in all things Made up of three smaller particles Protons (+) Neutrons (no charge) Electrons (-) Strive for stability Charged atom = ion

OPPOSITES ATTRACT + + Attraction _ _ Particles with opposite charges attract each other.

CHARGED ATOM (ION) +++ ++ ------ Stable Atom Positive Ion Negative Ion Stable atoms have equal protons and electron Stable atoms have no charge Free electrons will seek positively charged ions to create stability

STATIC ELECTRICITY The imbalance of positive and negative charges Example: a build up of negative charges in a storm cloud will travel to the ground in the form of lightning

STATIC ELECTRICITY Start with a doorknob – no charge Walk along carpet: strip electrons from carpet that collect in your body… You become negatively charged Approach the doorknob and the positive charges move toward you. Negative charges move away.

6/9/2021 STATIC ELECTRICITY When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. 28

6/9/2021 STATIC ELECTRICITY When close enough, the electrons will jump toward the positive doorknob and ZAP! You’ve been shocked by static electricity. Now you and the doorknob have the same charge. 29

1 ST ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY “Opposites Attract”

6/9/2021 2 ND ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY “Fun with Styrofoam and Tape” 31

6/9/2021 ELECTRICITY & BEN FRANKLIN Benjamin Franklin (1706 -1790) 1740’s – Proposed the notion of positive and negative charges that maintain a balance except when influenced by some means. 1752 – Famous kite experiments identify lightning as a form of electrical discharge. Led to his invention of the lightning rod. 32

BREAK

CURRENT ELECTRICITY Electric current is the movement of free electrons from atom to atom To start the free electrons moving an electromotive force is needed. Generator Batteries

SIMULATING ELECTRIC CURRENT

3 RD ELECTRICITY ACTIVITY Demonstration “Flow of Electromotive Force of Electrons”

ELECTRICITY ACTIVITIES “Flow “Fun of Electrons” with Styrofoam” Demonstration Summarize Worksheets of Electromotive Force Results & Review Class

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

WHAT IS A CIRCUIT? A circuit is a conductor path for electric current to travel through. Current will flow only if the path is a complete loop from negative to positive

1 ST CIRCUIT ACTIVITY Make a Simple Circuit Procedure: Give students materials to make a circuit and allow them to explore connecting them in different ways to make the light bulb light Allow students to find all the ways they can make the light bulb light Discuss what are the necessary components of a circuit.

WHAT MAKES A SIMPLE CIRCUIT? A simple circuit consists of: 1. 2. 3. A source - battery or generator Conductors (path for current to flow) An electric resistor or electric load - light bulb or an electromagnet

OPEN CIRCUIT A break in the pathway Electricity cannot flow CLOSED CIRCUIT A complete pathway Electricity is able to flow OPEN AND CLOSED CIRCUITS

CIRCUIT BALLS

2 ND CIRCUITS ACTIVITY Conductor vs. Insulator Experiment

CONDUCTORS Materials that pass electricity easily Examples: Copper Silver Gold Aluminum All other metals

INSULATORS � Materials that resist electricity flow � Examples: � Wood � Rubber � Porcelain � Glass � Air � Cloth � Paper

VOLTAGE AND CURRENT

VOLTAGE & CURRENT Voltage Electric potential difference between two points Pushes electrons Measured in Volts Supplied by batteries, generators (electric outlets), fuel cells, etc. Current Flow of electrons Measured in Amps 1 amp = 6, 240, 000, 000 electrons 48

VOLTAGE IS LIKE PRESSURE Water Electricity Higher pressure pushes water to flow faster You can have pressure without flow Higher voltage pushes electrons to move faster (higher current) You can have voltage without current Pressure

CURRENT IS LIKE WATER FLOW Water Electricity Flow of water The pressure determines how fast the water moves through the pipe There is no water flow without pressure Flow of electrons The voltage determines how fast the electrons move through the wire There is no current without voltage Flow

ELECTRICITY & THOMAS EDISON Thomas Edison (1847 -1931) 1870’s – invented the first commercially practical incandescent light with a carbon filament. 1880 – Edison founded the Edison Electric Illuminating Company the first electric utility in New York City. 51

6/9/2021 CIRCUITS: SERIES AND PARALLEL 52

SERIES CIRCUIT In Thomas Edison’s day, most lights were connected in series (one after another) Christmas tree lights are sometimes connected in series What happens if we add another light bulb?

SERIES CIRCUIT – ADDING BULBS Do the bulbs get brighter or dimmer? Why would they change? What if we add a million light bulbs?

3 RD CIRCUITS ACTIVITY Series circuit demonstration

PARALLEL CIRCUIT By making a loop for each bulb we can make a parallel circuit What are the benefits? What happens if we add another bulb?

PARALLEL CIRCUIT – ADDING BULBS Will the brightness of the bulbs change? Why or why not? What if we add a million bulbs?

4 TH CIRCUITS ACTIVITY Parallel circuit demonstration

MOVING ELECTRONS Trade out your battery with a hand-crank generator. What’s generating your electromotive force now?

HOW DO YOU GET ELECTRICITY?

6/9/2021 QUESTIONS TO PONDER How can you use this in your classroom? What would you revise? What would come next? 61

REVIEW: Basics of Magnetism Exploring Magnets Magnetic Characteristics Ferromagnetic materials Lines of Force/Flux – The Magnetic Field Electromagnets Magnets in Everyday Life

REVIEW: Basics of Electricity: Safety Flow of Electrons Opposite charges attract Static Electricity Current Electricity

REVIEW: Electric Circuits: Simple Circuits Open and Closed Circuits Conductors and Insulators Series Circuits Parallel Circuits Voltage and Current

FREE WORKSHOPS AND MATERIALS

EVALUATIONS Please take a moment to fill out the evaluation in the back of your folder Don’t forget your certificate in the back of the room THANK YOU!!

QUESTIONS? Kevin Rolfe SRP Community Outreach Education Representative (602) 236 -2798 Kevin. Rolfe@srpnet. com