Explorers Bradshaw Mountain High School What motivated the

Explorers Bradshaw Mountain High School

What motivated the earliest European explorers? • • Faster/ safer trade routes Spread of Christianity Adventure Conquest/power Wealth (Gold and Silver) Spices (cinnamon, nutmeg, and pepper) Spices were used to preserve food.

Obstacles • • • Simple compasses and maps Enemies Disease/death/starvation Fear of falling off the earth Lack of food, water etc.

Leading up to Exploration (Marco Polo) • Marco Polo took the Silk Road and returned 3 years later to Europe with the goods he had brought back from China. • Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1448.

Prince Henry • Trained and encouraged navigators to reach Cape Verde, southern tip of Africa. • He employed cartographers who created the most current maps at that time.

Bartholomeu Dias • The explorer Bartholomeu Dias was the 1 st to reach the Cape of Good Hope, the Southern tip of Africa! • This helped others to see it was possible to reach India by going around Africa!

Vasco Da Gama n n He opened a new route for trade between Europe and Asia without using the Silk Road. In 1498, Vasco Da Gama went around Africa and reached India.

Vikings • Eric the Red was a Viking that led Europeans to Greenland. He started a settlement there. • Leif Ericson, (a son of Eric the Red) led 35 Vikings about 1000 B. C. E. to go find a land he had heard about through another sailor. • He landed on Newfoundland called it Vinland (Wine Land) because they found grapes there that they made into wine. • On his way back to Greenland, Leif Erickson rescued a ship and its men.

Christopher Columbus • Christopher Columbus convinced King Ferdinand Queen Isabella of Spain to give him three ships. • The three ships were: Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria. • He landed in the Bahama Islands on October 12, 1492.

Christopher Columbus • He also named San Salvador meaning “Holy Savior. ” • He saw people and named them “Indians” because he thought that he was in the West Indies.

Columbian Exchange • As a result of Columbus’s voyages to the New World, an exchange began between the Americas and the rest of the world.

Columbian Exchange Americas to Europe to Americas Potatoes & Tomatoes Sugar, Tea, Coffee Maize, (Corn) Horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, rats Diseases (smallpox, measles, whooping cough, bubonic plague, malaria, yellow fever ) • Asian cockroaches, Japanese beetle Tobacco Chocolate

Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese) • Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the southern tip of South America. • His crew made the first round trip around the world. His ship the Victoria made it around the world. • He named the Pacific Ocean because it was so peaceful.

• He was born in Italy. • He loved to watch sailors at the docks and hear their stories. • At age 16, he began studying sailing and mapping. • He moved to England got the King to support his exploration. • He is important because his exploration for England gave England the right to the USA. John Cabot

• He went with Christopher Columbus on his 2 nd voyage in 1493. He stayed there and became the 1 st European to live on the mainland of North America. • He was looking for the “fountain of youth” • He found Puerto Rico and became governor there. • He also found Florida and named it "Pascua de Florida" (feast of flowers) after a Spanish Easter holiday because he found Florida on Easter! Ponce de Leon

Hernando De Soto • He Sailed for Spain • His time in the USA was spent exploring Florida down to Mexico looking for gold. • He did find the Mississippi River.

Francisco Coronado • He spent his time looking for the 7 cities of gold! • He was considered a failure because he didn’t find gold.

Vasco Nunez de Balboa • Vasco Nunez de Balboa shipwrecked in the Bahamas on the island of Hispaniola. • He tried to make a living farming but ended up owing a lot of money to people. • He then hid in a barrel on a ship to escape.

Amerigo Vespucci • Amerigo Vespucci • He wanted to find a star above the South pole to help sailors navigate. • He never found the star, but he did help map 3, 300 miles of land in South America. • America was named after him.

Hernando Cortes • Hernando Cortes came to Mexico. • The Aztecs thought he might be a god since he was the 1 st white person they had ever seen. • Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztecs in 1519.

Francisco Pizzarro • He explored Peru. • Francisco Pizarro conquered the Incas and stole their gold and silver.