EXPLORER TIMELINE By Mrs Abernethys Animal Planet Class

EXPLORER TIMELINE By: Mrs. Abernethy’s Animal Planet Class of 2001/02

Nomadic Hunters BORN: 10, 000 Years Ago Place of Birth: Russia Place of Death: America

Nomadic Hunters Sponsoring Country: Russia Method of Travel: Hiked and walked Discovery: America

Nomadic Hunters A long, long time ago ice had covered much of the world. The land between Asia and North America made a big land bridge. Hunters looked for game across this big land bridge into the new world.

Nomadic Hunters Then, a long time ago the temperature got warmer and the bridge was covered with water. Nobody could go across the bridge. These people were the first people to discover America.

Eric the Red BORN: 950 DIED: 1004 Place of Birth: Norway Place of Death: Vinland

Eric the Red and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Norway Method of Travel: Boat Discovery: Greenland

Eric the Red Summary of Discovery: In 982 he sailed from Iceland to Greenland. He was banished from Norway for manslaughter. Eric was also banished from Iceland. In 985 Eric’s banishment from Iceland was over and he returned.

Leif Eriksson BORN: About 960 AD DIED: About 1008 Place of Birth: Iceland Place of death Unknown

Leif Eriksson and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Norway Method of Travel: Ship Discovery: America

Leif Eriksson Summary of Discovery Leif Eriksson discovered America in 1001 AD

MARCO POLO BORN: 1251 DIED: 1324 Place of Birth: Venice Place of death: Venice

MARCO POLO Sponsoring Country: Italy Method of Travel: Boat or Walk Discovery: Riches of the East.

MARCO POLO Summary of Discovery: Marco found riches of the east. He traveled throughout China.

John Cabot BORN: John Cabot was born in 1450. DIED: John Cabot died in 1498.

John Cabot and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: England Method of Travel: Ship. Discovery: He reached Nova Scotia, or Newfoundland. He discovered a rich codfishing ground on Newfoundland. He went on a voyage in 1496 and only got as far as Iceland.

John Cabot discovered many places. Such as Nova Scotia, or Newfoundland. He discovered many more places also. He tried to find gold, but he never did.

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS BORN: 1451 DIED: 1506 Place of Birth: Genoa, Italy Place of death: VALLADODILD SPAIN

Christopher Columbus and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Spain Method of Travel: Ship Discovery: America

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Summary of Discovery: Columbus proved that the world is round, He made four voyages to America, but he did not know he had discovered a new world. He thought he was in India and called the natives Indians.

Christopher Columbus • Christopher was 55 when he died. He worked for the King and Queen of Spain. He was born in 1451 and died in 1506.

The Voyage • Christopher brought back gold, spices & other things that they wanted.

Christopher’s life • He was married twice and had two sons. His first wife died. He named his first son after one of his three brothers.

Amerigo Vespucci BORN: 1451 DIED: 1512 Place of Birth: March 9 th in Florence, Italy Place of death: Feb. 22 in Seville.

Amerigo Vespucci and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Italy Method of Travel: By boat Discovery: North America, Coast of Florida

Amerigo Vespucci America is named after Amerigo Vespucci. He had 3 voyages one at year 1507. Next at (1499 -1502). Last at year 1501 -1502. He died at age 58.

Bartolomew Dias BORN: 1457 DIED: 1500 Place of Birth: Portugal Place of Death: Brazil

Bartolomew Dias and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Portugal Method of Travel: Boat and by foot Discovery: Explored Africa’s coast

Bartolomew Dias Summary of Discovery: Led the first expedition around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope. He sailed near South America on the way to Africa. One of the first Europeans to see Brazil. Died on an expedition.

Vasco Da Gama BORN: 1469 DIED: 1524 Place of Birth: Sines, Alemtejo Place of Death: Cochin, India

Vasco Da Gama and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Portugal Method of Travel: Sailing Discovery: Calicut, India

Vasco Da Gama landed in Calicut, India in May 1498. He returned to Portugal in 1499 because of constant danger.

VASCO DA GAMA For his discovery he was given: PRAISE MONEY TITLE: DOM

Vasco Da Gama After exploring for 20 years, Da Gama returned to India in 1524, but died shortly after arriving.

VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA BORN: Jerez de Los Caballeros, Spain 1475 DIED: Jan. 21, 1519 Place of Birth: Jerez de Los Caballeros, Spain

VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA And his major discovery Sponsoring Country: Spain Method of Travel: By ship Discovery: Pacific Ocean

VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA What we call Pacific Ocean was really called the Magnificent Sea, and Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovered it. He ran away on a ship to escape from going to jail, because he was heavily in debt.

VASCO NUNEZ DE BALBOA is best known as the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. On September 29 he reached his destination, named it Mar del Sur South Sea and claimed it for Spain. Pedrarias Davila hated him. He was a Governor and had Balboa arrested, convicted for treason, and beheaded.

Ferdinand Magellan BORN: 1480 DIED: 1521 Place of Birth: Sabrosa, Portugal Place of Death: Philippines

Ferdinand Magellan and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Spain Method of Travel: By Ship Discovery: Magellan proved the world was round and that it is possible to sail around it.

Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition proved the world was round and that it is possible to sail around it. Magellan renamed the Pacific Ocean. Pacific means peaceful. The ocean was calm that day.

Ferdinand Magellan • When Magellan arrived at the Philippines, he participated in native quarrel. He was killed during the quarrel. One of his ships the Victory returned to Seville. He had sailed around the world.

Francisco Pizarro BORN: 1480 DIED: 1541 Place of Birth: SPAIN Place of Death: Lima

Francisco Pizarro Sponsoring Country: Spain Method of Travel: One ship Discovery: He went to the know land

Francisco Pizarro Summary of Discovery He is known for being a sea captain and he went to the know land. But he did not know how to read or write but he still became a sea captain.

Hernando Cortes BORN: 1485 DIED: 1547, Dec. 2 Place of Birth: Spain Place of Death: Castilleja de la

Hernando Cortes Sponsoring Country: Spain Method of Travel: Sailed and road horses. Discovery: The most famous conqueros

Hernando Cortes founded the city of Veracruz in Mexico and then marched on and destroyed the Aztec holy city of Cholula. with 500 soldiers and 16 horses. He then proceeded on to Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital. Tenochtitlan is today called Mexico City.

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • He was born in 1490 in Jerez de la Frontera. • He explored Texas through Mexico and back to Spain. • He explored some on ship and some on foot.

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • He was the first Spaniard to explore Texas in history.

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca • He was 60 when he died. • He died in 1550 in Spain.

Jacques Cartier • Jacques Cartier was born in 1491 in St. Malo, France and died in 1557. He traveled in 3 ships to make his discovery. He was sponsored by France.

He’s Best Known For Cartier was best known for trying to find the Northwest Passage that France had sponsored him for. • He was also known for claiming Canada for France and being an admiral in the French Navy. •

The Second Voyage • Cartier made a second trip to Canada in 1535. This time he discovered the St. Lawrence River. Thinking that this mighty river led to Indian Civilizations as rich as those in Mexico and Peru, He sailed up it as far as the Indian village of Hochelaga.

The Second Voyage (cont) • Cartier found the Iroquois Indians to be friendly and courteous. The French offered to share their hardtack and red wine with their new friends but the Indians refused thinking the French were eating wood and drinking blood!!!

Winter in Hochelaga • The winter of 1535 had set in, and Cartier was unable to return to France. He and his men were forced to stay the winter with the Iroquois at Hochelaga. Because they lacked fresh fruits and vegetables, many of the Frenchman died of Scurvy

Winter At Holchelaga (cont) • It is interesting to note that those who accepted and drank the Indian cure for Scurvy recovered. The Iroquois had learned to make brew from the branches of the hemlock tree that apparently cured this disease.

Back In France • Cartier returned to France with samples of what he thought was gold. But what he carried back was apparently “FALSE GOLD. ” It was probably either copper or iron pyrite which is a combination of iron and sulfur that has a yellowish color.

The Third Voyage • King Francis sent Cartier back to Canada for the third time in 1541. This time he was to set up a permanent French settlement. He succeeded, but the colony only lasted only for one year.

Jacques Cartier • Cartier never found any gold in New France, as the French Empire came to be called. Nor did he find the Northeast Passage. For his efforts, however, France made him an admiral in the French Navy.

Hernando De Soto BORN: around 1500 DIED: May 21, 1542 Place of Birth: Barcarrota, Spain Place of Death: on the Mississippi River in Louisiana

Hernando De Soto and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: Spain Method of Travel: Ship, horseback, and foot Discovery: Mississippi River

Hernando De Soto Hernando discovered the Mississippi River. He fought in one of the bloodiest battles in history. He was the first Spaniard to explore the Southeastern United States. He was the governor of a country.

Hernando De Soto • While Hernando was exploring, he captured many chiefs, even after some were nice.

Hernando De Soto When Hernando De Soto died on the Mississippi River, his crew members tied rocks to him and threw him overboard so the Indians couldn’t do anything to his body.

Henry Hudson BORN: ? DIED: 1611 Place of Birth: England Place of death: Hudson River

(Henry Hudson) Hudson River Sponsoring Country: Holland Method of: Travel: Ship Discovery: Hudson River

Henry Hudson Summary of Discovery He discovered the Hudson River. In June 1611, after being stranded in Hudson Bay for the winter, his crew planned a mutiny. They placed Hudson, his son and seven sick crewmen in a small boat. They were given no food, water, or weapons. They were never heard from again.

Coronado BORN: 1510 DIED: 1551 Place of Birth: Salamanea, CA Place of Death: Mexico City

Coronado Sponsoring Country: He sponsored himself. Method of Travel: Ship Discovery: He didn't find anything.

Coronado Summary of Discovery He was cruel. He had slaves that did his work. That’s why he didn't find anything.

Sir Francis Drake BORN: 1540 DIED: 1596 Place of Birth: England Place of death: Near Panama

Sir Francis Drake and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: England Method of Travel: By boat, and by foot Discovery: He stole gold from the Spanish.

Sir Francis Drake Summary of Discovery: He stole gold from the Spanish and gave it to the queen of England. He also defeated the Spanish Armada.

Samuel De Champlain BORN: 1567 DIED: Dec. 25, 1635 Place of Birth: Brouage, France Place of Death: Quebec, Canada

Samuel De Champlain and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: France Method of Travel: Ship, horse, and foot Discovery: Quebec, and a lake between the states of New York and Vermont

Samuel de Champlain • In 1608 he discovered Quebec. At first it was a small fur trading post and became a large city. It is the only city with walls around it in North America. In 1609, he discovered a lake between New York and Vermont.

Robert Caveliar BORN: 1643 DIED: In 1687 he was killed. Place of Birth: Rouen, France Place of Death. Near the Trinity river in Canada.

Robert Caveliear and his Major Discovery Sponsoring Country: France Method of Travel: Boat Discovery: The Ohio River

Robert Cavelier Summary of Discovery: In 1666 La Salle immigrated to Canada. He was granted land on the St. Lawrence River, and became a trader. From 1669 to 1670, he explored the region south of Lakes Ontario and Erie, and claimed to have discovered the Ohio river in 1671.

Captain James Cook • Born on: October 27, 1728. • Born in: Marton in Cleveland , Yorkshire England. • Died on: February 14 • Died in: Hawaii.

James Cook • Mr. Sanderson accused James Cook of being a lazy Thief. • James Cook Joined the British Navy • James Cook learned how to climb the mast and pull the ropes.

James Cook • One night the French planned to trap James Cook in the middle of the river. • James Cook spent eight years mapping the northern coast of North America.

James Cook • Cook was the first to cross the Antarctic Circle. • James Cook explored and charted the coast of New Zealand. • He set foot on six Continents. He named hundreds of bays , islands, and straits.

Meriwether Lewis BORN: 1779 DIED: 1809 Place of Birth: Unknown Place of Death: In a tavern

Lewis and His Major Discoveries Sponsoring Country: USA Method of Travel: Boat and horse. Discovery: The Louisiana purchase

Meriwether Lewis Summary of Discovery He had a partner and together they explored the Louisiana purchase.

THE END Hope you enjoyed the show!!!!