Exploration Why did Europeans begin to explore The

Exploration

Why did Europeans begin to explore? �The Renaissance encouraged a new spirit of adventure and curiosity �Desire to grow rich �Desire to spread Christianity �Advances in sailing technology �“god, glory, and gold”

European seek new trade routes �Merchants and traders hoped to grow rich through exploration and trading things like spices and other luxury goods from Asia �Traders wanted to cut out the middle man (Muslim traders and Italian merchants to make more profit) �The monarchs of England, Spain, Portugal and France wanted to find a sea route directly to Asia

Spreading Christianity �Christians had a hostility against Muslims as a result of the Crusades and Europeans thought they had a duty to convert non-Christians throughout the world �Europeans hoped to convert the people of Asia

Technology Advances �Caravel (triangular sails) that allowed explorers to cross 3, 000 miles of ocean and return again �Astrolabe – a brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees – the captain could use it to calculate latitude and pinpoint their location �Magnetic compass – aided in determining location

Thursday, October 20, 2011 �Essential Question: How did the plants, animals, diseases and people transported during the Columbian exchange create a much different world from what is was before 1492? 1. Bell work 2. Discuss yesterday’s chart 3. Map activity: Exploration 4. Notes: Columbian Exchange 5. Columbian Exchange

Columbian Exchange �Global exchange of people, plants, animals, technology and disease. �When Columbus returned to Spain in 1493 he brought with him “new” plants and animals �Sparked the migration of millions of people. �Pg. 403 – identifies some of the goods that were exchanged.

The Commercial Revolution �New links with Asia, Africa and the Americas led to �Inflation in Europe Sharp increase in the amount of money available � As population grew their was a greater demand for goods and services � �Growth of capitalism � Investment of money to make a profit. �Entrepreneurs �Enterprising merchants �Organized, managed and assumed the risks of doing business

Mercantilism �Focus on strengthening nations economy �Basic ideas �Nation’s wealth was measured in its gold and silver. �A nation must export more than it imports.

Friday, October 21, 2011 �Essential Question: Why did the English settle in the New World? �Bell work: What goods were traded in the Columbian Exchange? 1. Finish posters and discuss 2. Notes: Europeans Settle in North America 3. Writing assignment: Imagine you are a settler in North America. Write a letter home detailing your struggles in colonization.

European Nations Settle North America � New France was the beginning of France’s colonial empire in the Americas. In 1608, Quebec was founded by Samuel de Champlain with 32 other settlers. �France explored and claimed much of what is now the Midwestern United States including the Mississippi River and Eastern Canada. The territory was named Louisiana after King Louis XIV. �The French had two goals in their American empire 1) Make money from the booming fur trade 2) Convert Native Americans to Christianity �The French were not interested in farming, building towns and raising families—like the English to the south.

The English Arrive in North America �The year before the French arrive to establish Quebec, a group of settlers founded Jamestown in the swampy marshland of modern-day coastal Virginia—Virginia Company was there to establish a colony. �The main problem was settlers were more interested in looking for gold rather than doing any work. John Smith turned around the disastrous start for the colony. �Colony life was difficult as they faced disease, starvation and Native American attacks—the colony was almost abandoned. �However, the fortunate arrival of new settlers and the discovery of TOBACCO as a cash crop saved the colony. �Plymouth/Massachusetts Bay Colony

�The Pilgrims established Plymouth in Massachusetts; they left England for religious reasons. �Ten years later, the Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony to build a model community for other colonies to follow. They had very strict religious laws, but the colony flourished under the system valuing hard work and community support. New Netherlands �Henry Hudson was an Englishman hired by the Dutch to explore North America looking for an all water route to Asia—he never found it, but discovered three waterways named for him, the Hudson Bay, Hudson River, and Hudson Strait.

�The Dutch claimed these areas and established a trading colony with the Iroquois Indians. The area was known as New Netherlands. �The English view the Dutch as a problem as New Netherlands divided their northern and southern colonies, King Charles II sent his brother the Duke of York to drive out the Dutch. �However, the colonists were unhappy with the ruling Dutch governor and surrendered the colony to the Duke of York and the English without a fight—the land was renamed New York. �This opens the door for English settlement of 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America. By 1750, 1. 2 million settlers live in these colonies from Maine to Georgia.

Writing Assignment Rubric �Pretend that you are a colonist. Write a letter home detailing your struggles as a colonist. 20 points – three paragraphs 20 points – few grammatical errors 20 points – you accurately demonstrate the struggles of the colonist. 20 points- a date and location is included.