Exploration of America Christopher Columbus Purpose Sail West

Exploration of America

Christopher Columbus Purpose: Sail West to reach Asia ► Sailed for Spain (King Ferdinand Queen Isabella paid for his voyage. They wanted him to find riches…gold, silver, spices, cotton) ► Made 3 voyages with several ships ► Obstacles: no maps and frightened crew, going into the unknown ► Accomplishments: Landing in the Bahamas and settled in Central and South America ► The Columbian Exchange started when Columbus arrived in Caribbean Islands ► § Columbian Exchange started the movement of animals, plants, food and people between Eastern and Western Hemispheres.

Ferdinand Magellan Searched for passage to Pacific Ocean ► Traveled around South America to get back to Spain. ► Died in Philippines ► His crew was the lst to circumnavigate the world ► Columbus said that it could be done, but never made it. Magellan proved you could travel around the globe. ►

John Cabot An Italian Explorer ► Sailed for England ► Obstacle: no map ► Purpose: Find a new route to Asia. He reached the coast of Canada which he thought was Asia ► Accomplishments: Landed in Eastern coast of Canada and discovering a rich fishing area. Europeans then went there to set up fishing companies. ►

Juan Ponce de Leon Sailed for Spain ► Obstacle: Fighting with Native Americans over land made them work for them ► Purpose: Looking for “fountain of youth” and gold ► Accomplishments: First European to reach Florida ► Claimed Florida for Spain ►

Vasco Nunez Balboa Sailed for Spain ► Purpose: Looking for a new route to Asia ► Obstacle: Fought with Native Americans ► Accomplishments: Sailed to present day Panama in Central America. He crossed the mountains and jungles of Panama to reach and discover the Pacific Ocean ►

Henry Hudson ► Sailed for England (Netherlands) ► Purpose: Discover the Northwest Passage to Asia (Explorers believed it was a shortcut) ► Obstacles: Cold Climate (his crew were not prepared for the cold weather…they wanted to leave and he didn’t…. they mutinied against him and set him, his son, and 7 crew adrift. ) ► Accomplishments: Sailed up the Hudson River to present day New York and claimed it for England he found the bay known now as the Hudson Bay.

Jacques Cartier ► Sailed for France ► Purpose: find a water passage to Asia. ► Obstacles: Sailors caught diseases and cold climate ► Accomplishments: Sailed over 1, 000 miles along the St. Lawrence River in Canada and set up the French fur trading post

Navigation Tools Used During Voyages ► Compass- is a navigational instrument for determining direction ► Astrolabe-is a historical astronomical instrument. It located the position of the sun, moon, planets, and stars; determining local time

Paths of European Explorers

Contact Between Explorers and Native Americans BEFORE ► Simple tools (bones, AFTER ► Metal tools, guns shells) ► Trade with Europeans ► Hunters, farmers ► Horses for ► Canoes and dogs for transportation ► Alcohol exposure ► No alcohol ► Cotton introduced ► Clothing: tree bark, fur ► Germs, smallpox, some ► Lived in clans Native American tribes became extinct ► Growing communities because of diseases

Conflict and Cooperation ► Conflict § Fought in battles over land § Endured harsh treatment and diseases § Explorers tricked Native Americans into “sharing” land…. they really signed a compact saying they would give it up § Native Americans were forced to comply with new ways or move away to a new area ► Cooperation § Trading of goods (new tools, clothing & fur)