EXPLORATION 1 Countries like France Portugal and Spain

EXPLORATION

1. Countries like France, Portugal, and Spain wanted to increase their wealth 2. In order to increase their wealth they had to find new trade routes to China and India

Caravel

Astrolabe Compass

• Columbus was born in Italy • He wanted to reach India by sailing West from Europe • The King and Queen of Spain funded Columbus’ voyage • Three ships: The Nina, The Pinta, & the Santa Maria set sail. • Columbus landed in The Bahamas. • He thought it was India • He called the people he encountered…Indians

This must be India!

• Did you guys know that in 1493 the European nations of Spain and Portugal actually divided the world for themselves. • They got Pope Alexander VI to create a Line of Demarcation that split the world for the two countries to control. • And you guys thought I only knew about Baseball. Spanish Land Portuguese land

1498 • Vasco da Gama sailed for Portugal • Sailed around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope and across the Indian Ocean to reach India • Portugal set up trade posts in Africa, India, and China

• Vespucci made two voyages to the New World • He realized that it was large continents, not islands, blocking the way to China • A German mapmaker included the two new continents in his map and named them North and South America in honor of Amerigo Vespucci

1513 • Balboa sailed for Spain • He wanted to find a water route through or around the Americas • He landed in present day Panama • He walked across the isthmus of Panama and became the 1 st European to see the Pacific Ocean • Balboa named it the South Sea at the time • Balboa made enemies in the Spanish government and was executed. Balboa claims the Pacific Ocean for Spain

• Magellan was Portuguese but • Magellan renamed Balboa’s • • • sailed for Spain He wanted to reach Asia by sailing west around South America No one knew how big the continent was • South Sea: The Pacific Ocean First to circumnavigate (sail around) the world. 40, 000 miles! Only 18 of the 240 original crew survived. Only 1 of the 5 ships • Magellan was also killed

• In 1519, the Aztecs • • welcomed Hernando Cortes and his Spanish conquistadors (Spanish conquerors), thinking they were gods The Spanish took advantage of the Aztecs and conquered the gold filled city of Tenochtitlan The mighty Aztec Empire had fallen • A bold conquistador • • named Francisco Pizarro traveled to South America with 200 soldiers in 1532. The Spanish captured and executed the Incan emperor named Atahualpa By 1535, the Spanish using swords, horses and primitive guns conquered the Incan Empire

New plants: Corn Potatoes Tomatoes New Animals More resources New plants: Wheat Barley New Animals: Cattle Pigs Horses Diseases: Small Pox Measles Typhus