Explain how European partitioning in the Middle East

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Explain how European partitioning in the Middle East after the break up of the

Explain how European partitioning in the Middle East after the break up of the Ottoman Empire led to regional conflict. SS 7 H 2 a

Ottoman Empire Recap • During WW 1 the Ottoman Empire allied itself with Germany.

Ottoman Empire Recap • During WW 1 the Ottoman Empire allied itself with Germany. • Germany and its allies lost the war. • As a result, the Ottoman Empire was overthrown and their land was divide up. • Sykes-Picot Agreement (some call it the San Remo Agreement)

Why conflict? • The European politicians who decided the boundaries of the new countries

Why conflict? • The European politicians who decided the boundaries of the new countries to be made from the land once held by the Ottoman Empire paid little attention to the ethnic or religious groups who were already living there. • The new boundaries that were drawn did not take into consideration the concept of nationalism. • Nationalism is the idea that a countries are most successful if the people who live there share some of the same common cultural, historic, or religious beliefs.

Conflict Continued… • As a result, many different groups tried to live together in

Conflict Continued… • As a result, many different groups tried to live together in countries that were created by those who did not realize the problems some of these new boundaries would cause. How do we know this to be true? • One of the areas created from the old Ottoman Empire at the end of WWI was Palestine. This area was important to Jews, Christians, and Muslims because this is where much of what is written in the Old Testament, New Testament, and Quran took place. • There are many religious sites in Palestine, can you remember the most important one?

Palestine into the 21 st century • Right before WW 2 Palestine was divided

Palestine into the 21 st century • Right before WW 2 Palestine was divided into Transjordan. (2 parts, divided by the Jordan river, east and west) • The west side would be known as Palestine and fell under British rule until a decision could be made about how to establish a permanent government there. • Most of the people living in this area were Palestinian Arabs. However a large number of Jewish settlers began to migrate there.

Palestine into the 21 st century cont. • Who remembers why the Jewish people

Palestine into the 21 st century cont. • Who remembers why the Jewish people migrated to Palestine? • To create a Jewish homeland. (Zionist) They believed the land of this area had been promised to them by God. • Now you have two groups of people trying to inhabit the same land…more conflict.

Conflict with the Jews • During WW 2 the Nazi government of Germany persecuted

Conflict with the Jews • During WW 2 the Nazi government of Germany persecuted the Jews. • Persecution: systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another individual or group. • There was widespread anti-Semitism across Europe. • Over 6 million European Jews were killed in concentration camps and thousands other fled to escape persecution. This period of time is known as the Holocaust.

Things you may not know about Hitler or the Holocaust • Hitler wanted to

Things you may not know about Hitler or the Holocaust • Hitler wanted to be an artist, a painter to be specific. He has a few paintings out in circulation today that are worth millions. However, when he applied to art school (twice) he was rejected. • The trains that the Nazi’s place the Jews in to travel to concentration camps often were over packed, had one bucket of water to drink, and one bucket for people to relieve themselves. Sometimes the trip would take up to 18 days and upon arrival all the passengers would already be dead. Oh, some places in Germany charged the Jews to get on the train. But usually kids under 4 were free. • The Nazi’s believed in physical and psychological torture. At some camps Jewish prisoners were forced to play upbeat music for the other inmates and they had to sing and dance along while they marched to their deaths.

Things you may not know about Hitler or the Holocaust cont. • While a

Things you may not know about Hitler or the Holocaust cont. • While a lot of Jews were killed upon arrival to the concentration camps some were forced to work. They were fed bread and broth causing them to slowly starve. They were also kept in small, dark, cramped living spaces. There were also “darkcells” these contained no light and when the door was closed the room was pitch black. • Hitler was trying to build a super race of people. So he would experiment on inmates. No groups were spared. He especially liked to experiment on children and twins. One experiment conducted: inmates were given only sea water to drink for 90 days. They became dehydrated they would lick the floors after they were mopped to try and get water. • Images

What did the United States do? • The United States was slow to action

What did the United States do? • The United States was slow to action concerning the persecution of the Jews. Remember we were in a sever economical depression. • US State Department policies made it very difficult for refugees to obtain entry visas. • Beginning in 1940, the United States further limited immigration by ordering American consuls abroad to delay visa approvals on national security grounds. • After the United States entered the war in December 1941, the trickle of immigration virtually dried up, just at the time that the Nazi regime began systematically to murder the Jews of Europe.

What did the United States do? Cont. • On January 22, 1944, U. S.

What did the United States do? Cont. • On January 22, 1944, U. S. , President Roosevelt issued an executive order that established the War Refugee Board (WRB). This was the first concrete step the U. S. had taken to help the Jews who were being killed in Germany's "Final Solution" • It was charged with rescuing "the victims of enemy oppression who are in imminent danger of death and otherwise to afford such victims all possible relief and assistance consistent with the successful prosecution of the war. " • Despite many obstacles, however, more than 200, 000 Jews found refuge in the United States from 1933 to 1945, most of them before the end of 1941.

Palestine/Israel Recap • After WW 2 ended the United Nations was created to help

Palestine/Israel Recap • After WW 2 ended the United Nations was created to help govern crimes against humanities of the world. • It was the United Nations who decided to create the Jews a homeland in Palestine. (Remember a large population of Jews were already living there. ) • Creating the Jewish state of Israel in the Arab Palestine created conflict and war broke out in May 1948. • Even though other Arab countries sided with Palestine and helped them during the war Israel won the war and would take even more land from Palestine.

Assignment • In complete sentences (7 minimum) explain how partitioning the Middle East after

Assignment • In complete sentences (7 minimum) explain how partitioning the Middle East after the break up of the Ottoman Empire led to conflict in the Middle East. • In complete sentences (7 minimum) explain the reasons for the establishment of Israel. BE sure to include your knowledge of the anti-Semitism and the Holocaust.