Exotics from Heavy Ion Collision Su Houng Lee

Exotics from Heavy Ion Collision Su Houng Lee – (Ex. HIC coll. ) 1. Recent findings of “Multiquark states” 2. Statistical vs Coalescence model for hadron production 3. Exotic production in HIC 4. Summary 1

I: Recent findings of “Multiquark states” 2

X(3872) - 2003 - - 2013 - 3

Z(4430) - 2007 - - 2014 Spin parity = 1+ G=+ will look at C=- 4

Z(3900) - 2013 BESIII Probably the same Quantum Number as Z(4430) Hence, 5

Width of p A V - A 1(1260) r + p - Z(3900) J/y + p - Z(4430) y‘ + p Although quark content is [(cu)(cd)], overlap is very small 6

Quark wave function for Tetraquark - wave and spin 1 - Woosung Park (Thesis) 1 c 2 q quark 3 c 4 q antiquark Color singlet Spin 1 7

Quark wave function for s-wave S=1 Tetraquark 1 c q 2 3 c q 4 (Park, SHL 14) C=+ Color Spin C=- 8

Hamiltonian Using Brink, Stancu 98 Ground state of C=+ (Woosung Park, SHL 14) Or 9

State with C=- (Woosung Park, SHL 14) Ground state Or Z(4430) and Z(3900) are molecular states: Or Z(4430), X(3872) can be mixture of tetraquark and molecule Navara, Nielsen, Lee, Phys. Rept (11) 10

Why only heavy tetraquarks ? ? (qq) vs (qq) attraction Ø Ø q q Introducing c c q q 11

Tetra-quark – hadronic weak decay modes 1+ u SHL, S Yasui, W Liu, C Ko (08) - d c c 0 - u c 1 - d c Binding against decay = - 79. 3 Me. V Previous works on Tcc Z. Zouzou, B. Silverstre-Brac, C. Gilgnooux, J Richard (86), D. Janc, M. Rosina (04), Y. Cui, S. L. Zhu (07) QCD sum rules: F Navarra, M. Nielsen, SHLee, PLB 649, 166 (2007) simple diquark: SHL, S. Yasui, W. Liu, C Ko EPJ C 54, 259 (2008), SHL, S. Yasui: EPJ C (09) 12

Question 1: Are X(3872), Z(3900), Z(4430) molecular states or multiquark states Question 2: Where can we find flavor exotic multiquark states Answer for both 1 and 2: From HIC 13

Normal meson, Tetraquark and Molecule Normal meson Tetraquark Molecule u Geometrical configuration u d u u u d 14

Naïve Bag Model for Multiquark states u d u 15

II: Statistical vs Coalescence model for Hadron production in Heavy Ion Collision -Production of hadrons -Production of light nuclei 16

Hadron production in ( p+p C+X ) collision c u b p d u Gb/p c b ds a d p c u Ga/p C DC/c g d a X 17

Hadronization and freezeout in Heavy Ion Collision T>Tc 1 fm/c TH: Hadronization QGP 7 fm/c 5 fm/c T=Tc TF: Freezeout Hadron phase Hadron Multiquark formation t 17 fm/c Light nuclei Molecular structure formation 18

Statistical Model for Hadron Yield in HIC (PB Munzinger, Stachel, Redlich) Freezeout points 19

Coalescence model M u d d u PT dependence of ratio Ko et al u s u d c s c Quark number scaling of v 2 Ko et al d u c c d v 4 Ko et al 20

Hadron production near phase bounday (TH ) Coalescence model = Statistical model + overlap Suppression of p-wave resonance (Muller and Kadana En’yo) M u u s u d d u d c s c d u c d c 21

Molecule and light nuclei production near freezeout (TF ) Statistical Model for light Nuclei RHIC/STAR antimatter 22

Hadronic phase and Deuteron formation in Heavy Ion Collision VF: Freezeout Volume VH: Hadronization Volume T>Tc 1 fm/c TH: Hadronization QGP 7 fm/c 5 fm/c T=Tc TF: Freezeout Hadron phase t 17 fm/c S/N is conserved (Siemens, Kapusta 79) 23

But Production of multiquark states are suppressed Success of Coalescence model u d Normal meson [overlap]=1 d d u c u s d c s u u d d u u d c u d d u Tetraquark configuration [overlap]<<1 24

Hadron production through coalescence u d Normal meson [overlap]=1 d s d d d u d d s d u u s d d d s u u d u u s d u u u d u d u u d Molecular configuration: [overlap]=1 Tetraquark configuration [overlap]<<1 25

III: Heavy Exotics from Heavy Ion Collision 26

New perspective of Hadron Physics from Heavy Ion Collision Ø large number of c , b quark production Ø Vertex detector: weakly decaying exotics : FAIR 104 D 0 /month, LHC 10 5 D 0/month Ø Tcc production Tcc/D > 0. 34 x 10 > 0. 8 x 10 -4 -4 RHIC LHC 27

Details of coalescence model calculation (Ex. HIC PRL, PRC 2011) Ø Model central rapidity, central collision Ø Introduce charm fugacity Ø Coalescence model and Wigner function Ø LHC 10 5 D 0/month Parameters to fit normal hadron production including resonance feedown from statistical model 28

Ø Hadron coalescence 29

Fachini [STAR] Expectations [overlap] at LHC 30

Ex. HIC (2011): multiquark/molecule candidates - yield 31

Summary 1. Compact multiquark configurations are harder to form from heavy ion collision. f 0 measurement suggest that it can not be a pure multiquark structure. 2. Measuring X(3872) or Z(3900) J/y+ p from heavy ion collision can discriminate between a molecular structure and multiquark configuration. 3. Heavy multiquark states + Exotics can be observed at LHC 32

Deuteron production [Coalescence at TF (125 Me. V) ] VF : Freezeout Volume TF : Freezeout Temp VH TH : Hadronization V (fm 3) Nstat(TH) 1908 VD(T) (fm 3) NN Deuteron Triton 0. 7 30 0. 25 0. 0014 0. 24 0. 0014 Ncoal(TF) V parameterization: 11322 16 15. Chen, Greco, Ko, SHL , Liu 04 33