Exo Planet Exploration Program Exoplanet Exploration Program Ex

Exo. Planet Exploration Program Exoplanet Exploration Program (Ex. EP) & ASMCS Summary 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets September 18, 2009 M. Devirian, Program Manager Wes Traub, Program Chief Scientist http: //exep. jpl. nasa. gov

Exoplanet Exploration Program (Ex. EP) – Navigator Program Renamed & Rescoped Navigator Program Prime Objective Exo. Planet Exploration Program • Large mission concepts (TPF-C/I/O, etc. ) are long range targets for technology development • Near-term focus on medium strategic missions with competed science – 2012 earliest call • SIM-Lite in formulation under review by Astro 2010, NRC Decadal Survey – Mike Shao, Project Scientist • Kepler moves into Ex. EP post-commissioning – Bill Borucki, Science PI • NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NEx. Sc. I) (formerly Michelson Science Center) – Chas Beichman, Executive Director September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 2

Additional Ex. EP elements Exo. Planet Exploration Program • New: Exoplanet Supporting Research & Technology – – – NEx. Sc. I science activities (data access/archives, fellowships, etc) Technology for Advanced Strategic Mission Concept Studies 08 -09 Technology testbed support competed technology efforts starting 2010 Peter Lawson, Science & Technology Architect for Ex. EP Marie Levine, Technology Infrastructure Manager • Ground Observatories: – Keck Interferometer completing selected key science (exozodi) • Rachel Akeson, Project Scientist – Future time through NASA Keck TAC (77 proposals for 2010 A) – LBTI instrument to be completed; key science operation after LBTO on sky • Phil Hinz, PI • On-going community engagement: – Exoplanet Science Forum and Exoplanet Program Analysis Group (Exo. PAG) – Jim Kasting, Chairman September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 3

SR&T – Science Support • NASA Exoplanet Science Institute Exo. Planet Exploration Program (NEx. Sc. I – former Michelson Science Center) – Sagan Program: 5 new post-doctoral fellows and a summer workshop each year. – Allocate NASA/Keck time and PI data awards – Support/host Exoplanet-related conferences and workshops. – Science Tools & Operations • Keck Observatory – Keck Interferometer – Archive: HIRES & NIRSPEC Michelson Summer Workshop Class of 2007 • Kepler Science Analysis System • NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (NSTED) Leadership: • US Data Node for Co. Ro. T Mission Charles Beichman Executive Director • SIM-Lite or future Exo. Planet Mission Shri Kulkarni Science Director Rachel Akeson David A. Imel September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian Deputy Director Project Manager 4

SR&T – Technology Program Exo. Planet Exploration Program • Technology program started under TPF – to enable the future – Achieved near-flight-level performance in key starlight suppression technologies: both VIS (coronagraphs) and IR (nulling interferometers) – Achieved significant milestones in precision formation flying for IR interferometer (TPF-I/Darwin) – Support to ASMCS PIs in 2008 -9 to advance concept maturity – Results from program referenced in a number of papers in this conference • Forward plan provides for broad combined effort – Program-developed testbeds & directed technology – Competed participation including non-NASA and NASA PIs through Technology Demonstrations for Exoplanet Missions (TDEM) call • • September 18, 2009 5 – 10 new awards per year ~$5 M over 2 years for each solicitation Coordination website: http: //exep. jpl. nasa. gov/exep_roses 09. cfm First round of proposals submitted, fund January 2010 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 5

Exo. Planet Exploration Program Coming Opportunities to Participate • Sagan Fellowship applications November 2009 • Kepler GO Proposals due January 2010 • Double-blind imaging study teams • Medium Strategic Mission Science Solicitation – 2012 expected September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 6

Ex. EP Level 1 Schedule Exo. Planet Exploration Program Annual Technology call Keck calls (only 2009 shown) LBTI on the horizon Notional future mission schedule September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 7

Summary of ASMCS Special Session Probes (<$1 B) Flagships (>$1 B) Exo. Planet Exploration Program Actively-Corrected Coronagraph for Exoplanet System Studies; PI: John Trauger (JPL) Probe class Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraph Imager PI: Michael Shao (JPL) Flagship class New Worlds Observer; PI: Webster Cash (U of Colorado) Flagship class Extrasolar Planetary Imaging Coronagraph; PI: Mark Clampin (NASA GSFC) Probe class THEIA: Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Interstellar/ Intergalactic Astronomyr; PI: David Spergel (Princeton) Flagship Pupil-Mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer PI: Olivier Guyon (U of Arizona) Probe class Advanced Technology Large-Aperture Spce Telescope (ATLAST); PI: Marc Postman (STSc. I) Flagship class Planet Hunter; PI: Geoff Marcy (UC Berkeley) Probe class September 18, 2009 CREDIT: STSc. I & NGST 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 8

Flagship THEIA: Telescope for Habitable Exoplanets and Intergalactic/Galactic Astronomy • 4 meter, on-axis telescope • 5 year nominal mission length + 5 year extended • Fit onto Atlas V launch Vehicle (two launch vehicles for telescope and occulter) • Existing spacecraft hardware Uses a 40 m external occulter operating at two distances for two wavelength bands for planet detection and characterization Science Instruments • • • e. Xo. Planet Characterizer (XPC) Detect Earthlike Planets in Habitable Zone Characterize from 250 -1000 nm Star Formation Camera (SFC) Census of Star Forming Regions Survey nearby galaxies from 190 -1075 nm Panchromatic survey of cosmological Targets Ultra. Violet Spectrograph (UVS) Cosmic web spectroscopy At η⊕=1, THEIA detects over 30 Earth-like planets Galactic Interfaces THEIA characterizes almost 20 of them over the full spectral band, getting Ozone, Oxygen, Star Formation CO 2 and Water Planetary Transits THEIA has enough repeat detections on five of them to characterize their orbits • • Because of the multiple distances, THEIA saves enough fuel to go an extra 5 years

Flagship The New Worlds Observer W. Cash, University of Colorado, PI • An External Occulter about 50 m in diameter is flown 80, 000 km from telescope along line of sight to star. Starlight is suppressed, but planet light passes unimpeded as close as 60 mas from the star. • Study showed Starshades can be implemented quickly and are affordable. Starshade Concept works with any telescope – including JWST Simulation of Solar System Imaged with JWST 10 September 18, 2009 Simulation of Earth spectrum taken with large UVOIR observatory

Flagship Advanced Technology Large. Aperture Space Telescope 8 -m 9 -m Reflectivity #FGK Stars Observable in <500 ksec UVOIR Flagship Mission for the 2025 Era ATLAST has the sensitivity and the angular resolution to characterize ~100 or more Potentially Habitable Worlds in 5 years: • IWA < 60 mas at 500 nm, • 10 -sigma limit: <0. 6 n. Jy in 100 ksec @ R=5 • SNR=100 spectra of O 2 features in <100 ksec Telescope Aperture Multiple architectures explored, capable of using multiple starlight suppression methods. Enables breakthroughs in both exoplanet and general astrophysics research. Earth R=500 Spectra of Earth Twin with ATLAST Wavelength (microns) ATLAST Starshade Sim

Flagship Dilute Aperture Visible Nulling Coronagraphic Imager (DAVi. NCI), M. Shao Science of an 8 m coronagraph at the cost of a 2. 5 m telescope, (Team. X cost 1. 2 B) DAVi. NCI IWA = 38 mas @800 nm, (Equiv 8 m @ 2 l/D) 0. 5 um to 1. 7 um converage (25%BW at a time) Segmented MEMs DM, amp/phase control Search up to ~150 stars for Earths @1 AU Can measure orbits of planets, with images of the exoplanetary system at many (10~20 epochs, not just once), measure, not just guess that the planet is in the HZ. Nulling coronagraph architecture compatible © 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. with, filled, segmented and dilute apertures.

Probe September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 13

Probe Extra. Solar Imaging Planetary Coronagraph (EPIC) l EPIC will image and characterize extrasolar giant planets and their environments Simulated VNC Image: Our solar system viewed at 10 pc EPIC’s discovery space is enabled by its ≤ 2λ/D inner working angle: ~55 RV planets would be available for detection and characterization l ASMC Study: - Science case, planets within IWA, dust disks - Systems level understanding - EPIC/VNC modeling & performance assesment - VNC STOP analysis & wavefront control - Costing at GSFC IDC & JPL Team-X September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 14

PECO Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraph Observer Univ. of Arizona Ames Research Center • • • Pupil mapping Exoplanet Coronagraphic Observer (PECO) Probe 1. 4 -m diameter off-axis telescope, 3 yr mission drift-away heliocentric orbit for maximum stability High efficiency wavefront control to maintain high contrast 0. 4 – 0. 9 micron spectral coverage / R~20, polarimetric imaging Instrument & coronagraph are optimized for maximum sensitivity PECO instrument design also applicable to larger telescope diameters. PECO Technology PECO Science Simulation of 24 hr of PECO data showing an Earth-like planet (a=0. 2) around Tau Ceti with 1 zodi of exododi dust in a uniform density disk inclined 59 degrees. This is a simulation of λ= 550 nm light in a 100 nm bandpass PECO (1. 4 m aperture). Photon noise and 16 electrons total detector noise for an electron multiplying CCD have been added. Lossless apodization (PIAA) with aspheric optics allows 2 l/D inner working angle with full throughput, making optimal use of PECO’s 1. 4 m diameter telescope September 18, 2009 Habitable planets PECO can detect Super-Earths in the habitable zone of the 22 most favorable stars, and Earths for the 9 most favorable targets (SNR=5 at R=5 in <12 h exposure) Exo-zodi mapping PECO has sub-zodi sensitivity in the habitable zone of >20 stars Giant planets High SNR R=20 spectroscopy and polarimetry More info on PECO: http: //caao. as. arizona. edu/PECO/ 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 15

Exo. Planet Exploration Program Manager’s observations • TPF–C and Darwin/TPF–I also remain viable flagship candidates. • Many additional (arguably) Probe-class concepts (THESIS, FKSI, TRESS, ASTr. O, Occulter for JWST, …). • No obvious “best” architecture for near-term Probe (capability vs. risk). – Many good ones – Some nearly ready (TRL 5 -6) • “Quick model-based costing” for novel architectures is unreliable; deep-penetration cost estimation requires significant resources and expertise; this poses risk for agency planning. • Exoplanets must be an international effort. September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 16

Exo. Planet Exploration Program THANK YOU To the local organizers and Barcelona supporters for a wonderfully organized scientific conference! http: //exep. jpl. nasa. gov NASA’s Exoplanet Exploration Program September 18, 2009 Pathways towards habitable planets - M. Devirian 17