Exercise Science Section 1 The Anatomical Position An

The Anatomical Position t Anatomical position: Anatomists and physiologists view the human body in

Anatomical Planes t Anatomical Planes relate to positions in space and are at right

Anatomical Axes t Anatomical Axes are used to describe the direction of movement at

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Flexion - Extension t Flexion: decreasing the angle between

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Abduction - Adduction t Abduction: moving away from the

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Internal Rotation - External Rotation t Internal rotation: rotating

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Circumduction: circular motion ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Supination - Pronation t Supination: lateral rotation of the

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Protraction - Retraction t Protraction: moving in a forward

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Dorsiflexion - Plantar Flexion t Dorsiflexion: pointing the foot

Describing Position and Movement t Anterior: front surface of the body t Posterior: back

Relationship Between Axes and Planes Axis of Rotation Plane of Motion Example Horizontal (Bilateral)

Finding Axes and Planes t Axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane

Twirling t What is the axis of rotation? t Polar t What is the

Various Planes of Movement Stride Jump Antero-Posterior Frontal Side Bend Antero-Posterior Frontal Elbow extension

©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to

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Exercise Science Section 1: The Anatomical Position An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1 -55077 -132 -9 ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

The Anatomical Position t Anatomical position: Anatomists and physiologists view the human body in this standard starting point v Body in an upright standing position v Face and feet pointing forward v Arms at side and forearms fully supinated (palms facing forward) ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Anatomical Planes t Anatomical Planes relate to positions in space and are at right angles to one another: v Transverse plane: 4 Divides the body into superior and inferior segments v Sagittal plane: 4 Divides the body into medial and lateral segments v Frontal plane: 4 Divides the body into anterior and posterior segments ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Anatomical Axes t Anatomical Axes are used to describe the direction of movement at joints: v Longitudinal (polar) axis: 4 In a “north-south” relationship to the anatomical position v Horizontal (bilateral) axis: 4 In an “east-west” relationship to the anatomical position v Antero-posterior axis: 4 In a “front-to-back” relationship to the anatomical position ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Flexion - Extension t Flexion: decreasing the angle between two bones t Extension: increasing the angle between two bones ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Abduction - Adduction t Abduction: moving away from the midline t Adduction: moving towards the midline ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Internal Rotation - External Rotation t Internal rotation: rotating inward towards the midline t External rotation: rotating outward away from the midline ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Circumduction: circular motion ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Supination - Pronation t Supination: lateral rotation of the hand forearm t Pronation: medial rotation of the hand forearm ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Protraction - Retraction t Protraction: moving in a forward (anterior) position t Retraction: moving in a backward (posterior) position ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Basic Movements Involving a Joint Dorsiflexion - Plantar Flexion t Dorsiflexion: pointing the foot upward t Plantar flexion: pointing the foot downward ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Describing Position and Movement t Anterior: front surface of the body t Posterior: back surface of the body t Superior: refers to structures being closer t t to the top of the body (excluding limbs) Inferior: refers to structures being closer to the lower part of the body (excluding limbs) Medial: towards the midline or mid-sagittal Lateral: away from the midline or midsagittal Proximal: towards the upper segment of a limb Distal: towards the lower segment of a limb ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Relationship Between Axes and Planes Axis of Rotation Plane of Motion Example Horizontal (Bilateral) Sagittal Flexion/Extension Longitudinal (Polar) Transverse Rotation of extremities/Axial rotation Antero-Posterior Frontal Abduction/Adduction ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Finding Axes and Planes t Axis of rotation is always perpendicular to the plane of movement t In the anatomical position: all flexion/extension occurs in the sagittal plane, all abduction/adduction occurs in the frontal plane, and all rotation occurs in the transverse plane t More involved movements usually occur as a combination of motions from more than one plane Longitudinal Axis 90 Transverse Plane ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. o

Twirling t What is the axis of rotation? t Polar t What is the plane of motion? t Transverse ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

Various Planes of Movement Stride Jump Antero-Posterior Frontal Side Bend Antero-Posterior Frontal Elbow extension Bilateral Sagittal Nodding head “yes” Bilateral Sagittal Twirling Polar Transverse Shaking head “no” Polar Transverse ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.

©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.