EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Pharmalogical Aids HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE HGH

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Pharmalogical Aids

HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) • HGH ARE PRODUCED NATURALLY IN THE PITUITARY GLAND THEIR MAIN ROLE IS TO ALLOW THE HUMAN BODY TO GROW AND DEVELOP. • HGH CAN BE MADE SYNTHETICALLY (MAN-MADE) FOR USE IN SPORT, BUT IT IS ILLEGAL. • OFTEN IT IS USED FOR A SUBSTITUTE FOR (OR TO

HGH NATURALLY • HGH IS PRODUCED IN HIGH SUPPLY IN THE BODY DURING YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE IT IS USED TO ASSIST METABOLIC PROCESSES. • DIET, SLEEP AND EXERCISE ALL AFFECT HGH LEVELS IN THE BODY. • BY FOLLOWING A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE WITH PLENTY OF EXERCISE AND SLEEP YOU CAN INCREASE YOUR NATURAL SECRETION OF HGH.

ADVANTAGES OF HGH • STIMULATES BONE, CARTILAGE AND MUSCLE GROWTH • INCREASES BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS • INCREASES LIPASES FOR THE BREAKDOWN OF FFA’S • DECREASES OVERALL BODY FAT • ENHANCES SKELETAL MUSCLE HEALING AFTER MUSCULO-SKELETAL INJURIES

WHY CHEAT WITH HGH? • HGH CARRIES LITTLE RISKS COMPARED TO OTHER GROWTH HORMONES. • BUT RESEARCH SUGGESTS THAT HGH: • INCREASE THE SIZE OF YOUR HANDS AND FEET TO ABNORMAL LEVELS • CAUSES ACROMEGALY (OVERGROWTH OF FACIAL BONE AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE) • INCREASED HAIR GROWTH ALL OVER THE BODY • CAN CAUSE HEART ENLARGEMENT, ALONGSIDE LIVER AND THYROID DAMAGE • BUT - HGH IS UNDETECTABLE AFTER ONE DAY OF ABSTINENCE (NOT USED FOR A DAY) - SO IS EXTREMELY

RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN (RH EPO) • THE HORMONE EPO IS NATURALLY FOUND IN THE BODY, SECRETED BY THE KIDNEYS. • A SMALL AMOUNT CIRCULATES IN THE BLOOD TO REGULATE AND INCREASE RED BLOOD CELLS. • ESSENTIALLY, RH EPO IS A

RH EPO • RH EPO IS INJECTED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM AND INCREASES THE RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION AND RAISES O 2 TRANSPORT. • TESTING CAN NOW IDENTIFY ABNORMAL HIGH RED BLOOD CELL COUNT IN ATHLETES • TO COUNTER THIS ATHLETES HAVE TRIED TO INGEST CERTAIN FLUIDS TO DILUTE THEIR BLOOD PRIOR TO TESTING. SUCH FLUIDS

KNOWN PROBLEMS • A MAJOR SIDE-EFFECT IS THE CAUSE OF POLYCYTHEMIA. THIS IS A CONDITION THAT CAUSES THE BLOOD TO BECOME MORE VISCOUS THAN NORMAL, AND THIS PUTS A MASSIVE STRAIN ON THE HEART. • ELITE ATHLETES HAVE BEEN KNOWN TO DIE OF HEART FAILURE DURING SLEEP DUE TO THE HIGH RED

ANABOLIC STEROIDS A GROUP OF SYNTHETIC HORMONES WHICH RESEMBLE MALE TESTOSTERONE TAKEN TO PROMOTE MUSCLE GROWTH, PROMOTE SPEED OF RECOVERY AND DEVELOP SPEED OR POWER

SIDE EFFECTS OF STEROIDS • IRRITABILITY • AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR AND MOOD SWINGS • LIVER DAMAGE • POTENTIAL HEART FAILURE • ACNE AND HORMONAL DISTURBANCES

EXAM QUESTION • EPO IS A PROHIBITED ERGOGENIC AID. • IDENTIFY THE MISSING INFORMATION A, B AND C. Ergogenic Aid Rh. EPO One performance enhancement effect A One associated health risk B One type of athlete that would benefit from its use C

ANSWER • INCREASES RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION/VOLUME/NUMBER • INCREASES THE OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE BLOODIMORE OXYGEN • DELIVERED TO ACTIVE MUSCLES • INCREASES THE CONCENTRATION OF HAEMOGLOBINIHB • INCREASES V 02 MAXIAEROBIC CAPACITYIENDURANCE. • (B) SUBMAX 1 • 5. INCREASE BLOOD VISCOSITY THEREFORE INCREASED RISK OF BLOOD CLOTTINGIHEART FAILUREISTROKE

EXAM QUESTION • A PERFORMER MAY DECIDE TO TAKE HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH) TO FURTHER IMPROVE PERFORMANCE. • DESCRIBE THE ADVANTAGES FOR PERFORMANCE AND ONE LONG-TERM HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH HGH. • [4 MARKS]

ERGONOMIC AIDS WORKSHEET 2 Human Growth Hormone Definition – What is it? Describe what happens! Is it a Legal substance for competition? Advantages – Why do athletes use it – what are the benefits? Disadvantages – What are common problems or side-effects of its use? Sporting Examples (if possible) RHEPO

ERGONOMIC AIDS WORKSHEET 3 Creatine Definition – What is it? Describe what happens! Is it a Legal substance for competition? Advantages – Why do athletes use it – what are the benefits? Disadvantages – What are common problems or side-effects of its use? Sporting Examples (if possible) Anabolic Steriods